328 TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI [CH. 



REFERENCES. 



Hearsey (1909). Nyasaland Sleeping Sickness Diary. Part vm. 

 Kinghorn and Yorke (1912). Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasitology, vol. vi. 



pp. 1-23, 301-15 and 317-24. 

 Laveran and Mesnil (1912) . Trypanosomes et Trypanosomiases, 2nd edit. 



Masson : Paris. 

 Shircore, J. O. (1913). Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. vol. vi. 



pp. 131-42. 



Stephens and Fantham (1910). Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 561, pp. 28-32. 

 Taute, M. (1913). Arbeit a. d. Kais. Gesundheitsamte, vol. LXV. 



pp. IO2-II2. 



Wenyon and Hanschell (1912). //. Lond. Sch. of Trop. Med. vol. 11. 

 PP. 34-35 



Nagana (T. brucei Plimmer and Bradford, 1899). 



General account. Nagana, or the " tsetse-fly disease," is 

 the most widely distributed and best known of all the cattle 

 trypanosomiases of Africa. For many years the common 

 tsetse-fly, Glossina morsitans, was known to be the cause of 

 the disease and the popular belief was that the fly injected 

 into the bitten animal some poison that caused the well-known 

 symptoms of the " fly disease." 



In 1895, Bruce, together with his wife, investigated the 

 disease as it occurred in Zululand and discovered that it was 

 caused by the presence of a trypanosome in the blood. This 

 parasite was found to be conveyed from diseased to healthy 

 animals by the common tsetse-fly, and was present in the blood 

 of all affected animals. Bruce gives the following account of 

 the infection. 



" Nagana, or the fly disease, is a specific malady appearing 

 in horses, mules, donkeys, cattle, dogs, cats, and many other 

 animals, and of which the duration varies from a few days to 

 some weeks or even up to some months. It is invariably fatal 

 in the horse, ass and dog ; but a small percentage of cattle 

 recover. It is characterised by fever, by an infiltration of 

 coagulated lymph into the subcutaneous tissue of the neck, 

 abdomen or the extremities, giving rise to a swelling of these 

 regions ; by a more or less rapid destruction of the red cells of 

 the blood, an extreme emaciation, often blindness, and by the 



