24 DIALTPETALOU8 EXOGENS 



Sub-species 2. NIGER, DC. Root fleshy, firm, more or less acrid, 

 black externally, white within. 



Obs. The tender fleshy root of this plant is an universal favorite 

 at table, in early spring. 



ORDER XI. CAPPARIDACEAE. 



Herbs ; leaves alternate, mostly compound ; stipules none, or spinescent ; flowert 

 cruciform, but not tetradynamous, hypogynous ; stamens 6, or numerous ; ovary 

 1-celled ; fruit silique-like, with parietal placentae ; seeds numerous, -without albumen. 

 The condiment known as Gapers, is afforded by this Order, being the pickled 

 flower-buds of Capparis spinosa, L. 



42. POL-AIVIS'IA, Safin. 



[Qr. Polys, many, and anisos, unequal ; in reference to the parts of the flower.] 

 Sepals 4. Petals 4, rather unequal, obcordate or emarginate, with 

 long slender claws. Stamens 8 to 32, unequal. Receptacle not elon- 

 gated. Capsule 2-valved, subsessile. 



1. P. gravolens, Safin. Glandular-pilose and viscid; leaves 

 digitate in threes, leaflets oblong, entire ; stamens 8 to 12 ; capsule 

 lance-oblong. 

 STRONG-SCENTED POLANISIA. 



Annual. Stem 6 to 12 or 15 inches high, branching. Leaflets 1 to 2 inches long, 

 eubsessile. Flowers ochroleucous, in a leafy raceme. Capsule about 2 inches long ; 

 seeds reniform-orbicular. 

 Sab. Gravelly hills; along Schuylkill: rare. Fl. June. Fr. Aug. 



ORDER XII. VIOLACEAE. 



Serbs; mostly perennials; leaves alternate, with stipules; sepals 5, persistent; 

 corolla somewhat irregular, one of the 5 petals gibbous or spurred at base ; stamens 

 6, hypogynous, the % anthers adnate, introrse, slightly united; capsule 1-celled, 

 3-valved, with 3 parietal placentae; seeds rather large, with a hard coat; embryo 

 nearly as long as the albumen. 



43. SOUE V A, Oing. 



[Named in honor of Wm. Sole, an English Botanist.] 



Sepals not eared at base. Petals unequal, the larger one merely 

 gibbous at base, the others linear-oblong. Style hooked at summit 

 1. S. Concolor, Ging. Stem tall ; leaves oblong, acute at both 

 ends, entire ; flowers axillary, on short recurved pedicels. 

 ONE-COLORED SOLEA. 



Stem about 2 feet high, simple, leafy to the top. Leaves 2 to 3 inches long. Flou> 

 ers pale yellowish green, small and inconspicuous, 1 to 3 in the axils of the leaves. 

 Capsules near an inch long. 

 Sab. Woods, and banks of streams: rare. Fl. June. Fr. Aug. 



Obs. This plant was collected, in 1841, on the banks of Red-cloy 

 Creek, in this County, by Mr. JOHN M'MiNN. 



44. VrOL,A, L. 



[The ancient Latin name of the genus.] 



Sepals eared at base. Petals rather unequal, the larger one saccate 



