UMBELLIFERAB 101 



153. PASTTOA^CA, Tournef. 

 [Latin, Pastus, food ; from the use made of the root.] 



Fruit wing-margined ; carpels ribbed as in Heracleum ; vittae linear, 

 as long as the carpels, one in each channel, and 2, or more, on the 

 commissure. Chiefly biennials, with fusiform roots: leaves odd-pin- 

 nately dissected; umbels flat, spreading; flowers yellow; involucre 

 and involucels none, or few-leaved. 



1. P. SATI V VA, L Smooth; stem sulcate; leaflets ovate-oblong, 

 incised-dentate, the terminal one 3-lobed. 

 CULTIVATED PASTINACA. Parsnep. Garden Parsnep. 



Plant yellowish-green. Moot large and fleshy, with proper culture. Stem 3 to 

 5 feet high, stout, and somewhat branching. Leaflets in 3 to 5 rather distant ses- 

 sile pairs, with a terminal petiolate odd one, each 2 to 4 inches in length; petioles 

 of the radical leaves 9 to 15 inches long. Fruit oval, emarginate, yellowish ; vittae 

 dark purple. 

 I fab. Gardens, Ac. Nat. of Europe. FL June. Fr. Aug. 



Obs. This plant so generally cultivated for its fine esculent 

 root produces many seeds, and is apt to stray from the gardens 

 into the fields, and along fences, where it speedily degenerates, 

 and, if neglected, becomes a troublesome unsightly weed. 



154. ARC HEM OR A, DC. 



[Named from Archemorus, who, it is said, died from eating Parsley.] 

 Fruit broadly margined ; carpels with 5 equidistant obtuse ribs, 

 the lateral ones dilated into the margin ; channels with single vittae ; 

 commissure with 2 or more vittae. Smooth perennials : leaves odd- 

 pinnately dissected, the leaflets nearly entire, rather rigid; flowers 

 white ; involucre nearly none ; involucels many -leaved. 



1. A. rigida, DC. Stem terete, striate; leaflets 3 to 9, oblong- 

 lanceolate or sublinear, often subfalcate, sparingly incised-dentate 

 near the apex. 

 RIGID ARCHEMORA. Cow-bane. 



Stem 2 to 4 or 5 feet high, rather slender, sparingly branched. Leaflets 2 to 4 

 iuches long; petioles 1 to 5 or 6 inches in length, Umbels about 3, on long pedun- 

 cles. Involucds of 6 or 8 subulate-linear leaflets. Fruit oval ; channels filled to 

 convexity by the dark-purple vittae; commissure slightly concave, lined with a 

 white suberose coat. 

 Halt. Low, swampy grounds: frequent. FL Aug. Fr. October. 



Obs. This plant has the reputation of being poisonous to cattle, 

 when eaten by them, which, however, I suspect it rarely is, unless 

 the pasture is very deficient. 



* * Margins of the fruit double-winged. 



155. ARCHANGEI/ICA, Ilo/m. 



[So named, from its supposed extraordinary virtues.] 



fruit elliptic ; carpels each 3-ribbed on the back, the lateral ribs 

 dilated into marginal wings ; seed separating from the coating ; vit- 

 tae numerous. Often stout perennials : leaves bi-tri-ternately dis- 

 sected ; involucre scarcely any ; involucels many-leaved. 



1. A. at ropurpurea, Hoffm. Stem large, smooth, dark pur- 



