118 GAMOPETALOUS EXOGENS 



y. G. lanceol&tum, Torr. Stem erect, nearly simple, smooth; 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the apex ; peduncles trichoto- 

 mous, finally divaricate ; fruit sessile. 

 LANCEOLATE GALIUM. 



Stem 12 to 18 inches high, sparingly branched, quite smooth except at the node?. 

 Leaves 1% to 2% inches long, thinnish, not sweet to the taste. Peduncles long, 

 subterminal. Corolla brownish-purple, or sometimes whitish. 

 Hob. Moist woodlands : frequent. FL. July. Fr. Sept. 



Obs. Allied to the preceding ; but probably sufficiently distinct. 

 * * Flowers white ; fruit hispid, the hairs short and scarcely uncinate. 



8. r. boresYlc, L. Stem erect, branched, smooth ; leaves linear- 

 lanceolate ; flowers in terminal thyrsoid panicles. 

 NORTHERN GALIUM. 



Plant somewhat glaucous. Stem 1 to 2 feet high, often in bunches, or a number 

 from the same root. Leaves an inch to 1% inches in length, strongly nerved, ta- 

 pering to a narrow point, but rather obtuse at apex. Peduncles frequently trichot- 

 omous. 

 Hob. Rocky banks of Schuylkill : rare. FL July. Fr. Sept. 



Obs. The root of this is said to dye a red color. The RUBIA 

 TINCTORTJM, L. or Madder, a plant nearly allied to Galium, and a 

 well-known Dye, is cultivated in the West; and may be occasion- 

 ally seen in gardens : but it is scarcely entitled to a place in our 

 Flora. 



SUBORDER II. CINCHO V NEAE. 



Leaves mostly opposite, with stipules between them; calyx-tube adherent to the 

 ovary, or partially free above. 



179. DIO V IA, L. 



[Gr. Diodos, a transit, or passage ; from its growing by way-sides.] 

 Calyx 2- or 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-form, 4-lobed. fruit dry, 

 2-celled, splitting into 2 crustaceous 1-seeded carpels. Low herbs: 

 leaves opposite, sublinear ; stipules bristly-ciliate ; flowers axillary, 

 sessile. 



1. D. teres, Walt. Stem terete, branched from the base, pubes- 

 cent; leaves lance- linear, rigid; calyx 4-toothed ; fruit much shorter 

 than the stipular bristles, 

 TERETE DIODIA. Button-weed. 



Annual. Stem 4 to 12 inches high, diffusely branching. Leaves an inch to an 

 inch and half long, the margins and keel aculeate-serrulate; stipules membrana- 

 ceous, fringed with 6 or 8 long bristles on each side, between the leaves. Flowers 

 pale red, opposite, and generally solitary. Fruit quadrangular-obovoid, hispid. 

 Hob. Sandy banks, and roadsides: frequent. FL Aug. Fr. Octo. 



180. CEPHALAllKTHirS, L. 



[Gr. Kephale, a head, and anthos, a flower ; the flowers growing in heads.] 

 Calyx-tube angular, tapering downward ; border 4-toothed. Corolla 

 tubular, slender, 5-lobed. Style much exserted. Capsule inversely 

 pyramidal, hard, 2- 4-celled, separating from the base upward into 

 2 or 4 closed 1-seeded portions. Shrubs : leaves opposite, or some- 

 times verticillate in threes, entire ; flowers in dense globose pedun- 

 culate heads. 



