COMPOSITAE 147 



more or less pilose. Heads of flowers numerous, fragrant; invducralscal.es with a 

 prominent keel or midrib; rays white, or often tinged with purple; disk-florets 

 whitish, the tube green, sprinkled with resinous particles ; chaff of the receptacle 

 lance-oblong, acute. 

 Hob. Pastures, Ac. Nat. of Europe. ' Fl. June. Fr. Aug. 



Obs. This plant, also, is a pleasant aromatic bitter and though 

 spoken of, in England, as of some value in pastures, is universally 

 regarded, here, as a mere weed. 



210. I,EIJCA]VTIIE]JIirM, Tournef. 

 [Or. Leukos white, and anthemon, a flower ; in reference to its white rays.] 

 Heads many-flowered; ray-florets numerous, pistillate; disk-florets 

 obcompressed. Involucre almost flatly spreading; scales with sca- 

 rious margins. Akenes all similar, subterete, striate or ribbed, 

 smooth ; pappus none. Receptacle flattish, naked. Perennials : 

 leaves mostly pinnatifid or incised-dentate ; heads rather large, soli- 

 tary and terminal ; disk yellow, rays white. 



1. L. vulgare, Lam. Stem erect, nearly simple, rather naked above ; 

 radical leaves spatulate, petiolate, stem-leaves oblong, sessile and 

 clasping, all incised-dentate; involucral scales with narrow russet- 

 brown margins. 



Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. L. $ Fl. Cestr. ed. 2. p. 490. 

 COMMON LEUCANTHEMUM. Ox-eye Daisy. White Weed. 



Stem 1 to near 2 feet high, angular, somewhat hairy, purplish on the angles. 

 Leaves % of an inch to near 2 inches long ; radical leaves on petioles 1 to 3 inches 

 long. Heads of flowers 1 to 2 inches in diameter, including the spreading rays, 

 which are about equal in length to the diameter of the disk. Akenes dark purple 

 between the ribs. 

 Hob. Fields, and meadows. Nat. of Europe. FL June. Fr. Aug. 



Obs. This foreigner is a great nuisance, on the farms in Eastern 

 Pennsylvania, especially in the vicinity of Philadelphia, where it 

 has abounded for more than a century, and seems likely still to 

 prevail. JOHN BARTRAM, in his Correspondence, speaks of it as "a 

 very destructive weed, in meadow and pasture grounds, choking 

 the grass and taking full possession of the ground, so that the fields 

 will look as white as if covered with snow ; but (he says) the hoe 

 and plough will destroy this weed." No doubt, those implements, 

 adequately .applied, might abate the nuisance ; but so long as there 

 are negligent, slovenly farmers among us, it will be vain to hope 

 for its thorough extirpation. 



g 2. Heads of flowers aU discoid, or nearly so. 

 211, TAlVACE'TtJM, L. 



[Corrupted from the Gr. Athanasia, undying ; from its durable flowers.] 

 Heads many-flowered; florets all perfect, or the marginal ones pis- 

 tillate, trifid, and obsoletely radiate. Involucre campanulate; 

 scales dry. Akenes angular, with a large epigynous disk; pappus a 

 minute crown. Receptacle more or less convex, naked. Perennials : 

 leaves alternate, dissected; heads densely corymbose, yellow. 



