154 



GAMOPETALOUS EXOGENS 



entirely concrete. Akenes compressed, obovate, smooth, the areola 

 broad, and somewhat oblique; pappus in several series, long, 

 plumose. Receptacle flat, fimbrillate. Spinose perennials: leaves 

 alternate, mostly pinnatifid-lobed, not decurrent ; heads very large, 

 with a thick fleshy receptacle; florets bright violet-purple. 



1. C. SCOLYMUS, L. Stem stout; leaves deeply bipinnatifid, sub- 

 spinose, tomentose beneath; involucral scales ovate, thick and 

 fleshy at base. 

 French Artichoke. 



Stem 3 to 5 feet high, hranching above, striate and tomentose. Leaves 1 to near 

 2 feet long. Heads 2 to 3 inches in diameter; styles conspicuously exserted, the 

 concrete branches bright purplish-blue. 

 Hob. Gardens. Nat. country uncertain. Fl. Aug. FT. Sept. 



Obs. Cultivated occasionally, by the curious, for the sake of the 

 fleshy receptacle, and bases of the involucral scales. 



222. CIR'SIITM, Tournef. 

 [Gr. Kirsos, a swelled vein ; for which it was a supposed remedy.] 



Heads many-flowered ; florets all similar and perfect, or rarely im- 

 perfectly dioicous. Involucre roundish-ovoid ; scales mostly tipt with 

 a spine. Anthers with a linear-subulate appendage ; .filaments often 

 hairy. Style^branches concrete nearly to the apex. Akenes oblong, 

 compressed ; pappus of many hairs united in a ring at base, plumose 

 to the middle. Receptacle fimbrillate. Leaves alternate, mostly 

 sessile, often pinnatifid and prickly; heads usually large, termina- 

 ting the branches ; flowers generally purplish. 



' f Involucral scales all tipt with a spreading spine. 



1, C. lanceolatum, Scop. Leaves pinnatifid, decurrent, forming a 

 prickly winged stem, prickly-hispid on the upper surface, cobwebby 

 beneath, the segments lanceolate. 



Carduus lanceolatus. L. $ Fl. Cestr. ed. 2. p. 436. 

 LANCEOLATE CIRSIUM. Common Thistle. 



Biennial. Stem 2 to 4 feet high, stout, branching. Leaves 4 to 8 or 12 inch es 

 long, the radical ones (as is usual with biennials,} much larger than the caidine. 

 Heads ovoid, about an inch in diameter; florets purple ; anthers yellowish. 

 Hob. Pastures; roadsides, &c. : Nat. of Europe. Fl. June. Fr. July. 



Obs. A troublesome foreigner, delighting in a rich soil; and 

 requiring some attention to keep it in subjection. 



f f Inner scales unarmed, appressed ; filaments hairy. 

 * Leaves white-wootty beneath. 



2. C. dis'COlor, Spreng. Leaves all pinnatifid, smoothish and 

 green above, densely tomentose and bluish-white beneath. 

 Carduus discolor. Nutt. $ FL Cestr. ed. 2. p. 437. 

 TWO-COLORED CIRSIUM. 



Biennial. Stem 2 to 5 feet high, with rather slender spreading leafy branches, 

 pubescent with crisped membranous hairs. Leaves 3 or 4 to 12 or 15 inches long, 

 those on the branches small. Heads ovoid-oblong, 1 to 2 inches in length ; florets 

 reddish-purple ; anthers whitish. 

 Hdb. Old fields; borders of thickets: frequent. Fl. Aug. Fr. Sept. 



