264 APETALOUS EXOGENS 



common peduncle. Fruit about 2 inches long; epicarp thick and coriaceous, 

 finally hard and woody, the valves opening more than half way to the base; nut 

 6-angled near the apex, thick and bony. 

 Sab. Rich woodlands : common. FL May. Fr. October. 



^Obs. There are several varieties of this, one (var. maxima, Nutt.) 

 with remarkably large fruit, in Montgomery County, near the Schuyl- 

 kill, and possibly in this County, also. 'This species has the wood 

 white to the centre, and is regarded as the best of all, for fuel. 

 It is replete, in early summer, with a sweet syrup-like sap ; and 

 when cut, at that season, is much preyed upon by worms. 



3. C., inicrocarpa, Nutt. Leaflets 5 to 7, oblong-lanceolate, 

 serrate; aments smooth; fruit roundish-ovoid; nut small, some- 

 what 4-angled, thin-shelle,d. 



SMALL-FRUITED CARYA. 



Stem 60 to 80 feet high, with a close bark. Leaflets 4 to 8 inches long, nearly 

 smooth on both sides, the under surface sprinkled with dark-purple particles. 

 Aments 2 to 3 or 4 inches long. Pistillate flowers 2 or 3 together, sessile on a com- 

 mon peduncle ; calysp teeth rather conspicuous. Fruit about % of an inch in length ; 

 fpicarp thin, with the sutures prominent. 

 Hob. Moist woodlands : frequent. FL May. Fr. October. 



Obs. This species seems to be intermediate between C. alba, and 

 C. glabra ; and, I think, presents several varieties. 



4. C. glabra, Torrey. Leaflets about 7, lanceolate, serrate: 

 aments smoothish ; fruit pyriform or subglobose ; nut smooth and 

 even, thinnish-shelled but hard. 



C porcina. Nutt. $ FL Cestr. ed. 2. p. 546. 

 SMOOTH CARYA. Pig-nut Hickory. Broom Hickory. 



Stem 40 to 60 or 80 feet high, with a close bark, and tough twiggy branches. 

 Leaflets, (sometimes 5, or 9,) 3 to 6 inches in length, generally smooth, and sprinkled 

 with purple particles beneath. Aments 2 to 4 inches long, occasionally in pairs. 

 Pistillate flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 together, sessile and rather distant, on a common 

 peduncle ; calyx-teeth long, linear-lanceolate. Fruit about an inch long ; epicarp 

 thin, opening but partially. ..; 



Hob. Low, moist woods : frequent, FL May. Fr. Octo. 



Obs. The young saplings of this species were formerly much 

 used for making splint brooms, on account of the toughness of its 

 woody fibres ; and the sprouts, or seedling plants, are often em- 

 ployed, for the same reason, in rural economy, as a kind of rude 

 ligatures, under the name of Hickory Withes. The mature wood is 

 preferred, by wheel-wrights, for making the axles of carts and 

 wagons. 



* * Seed small, and intensely bitter. 



5 C. am ara, Nutt. Leaflets 7 to 9, oblong-lanceolate, serrate ; 

 aments pubescent ; fruit roundish-ovoid, acuminate ; nut obcordate, 

 small, thin shelled and fragile. 

 BITTER CARYA. Swamp Hickory. Bitter-nut. 



Stem 60 to 80 feet high, with twiggy branches and yellow buds, the bark at 

 first close and even, finally more or less fissured. Leaflets 2 to 5 or 6 inches lon^. 

 slightly pubescent beneath. Aments 1 to 2 inches long, sometimes in pairs. 



