266 APETALOUS EXOGENS 



Obs. The wood of this, often rather scrubby-looking species, is 

 valued for its durability ; and is also esteemed as fuel. 



2. Q. alba., L. Leaves oblong-oval, or obovate, regularly pin- 

 natifid-lobed, lobes small, oblong, obtuse, mostly entire, the sinuses 

 narrow; cupule tuberculate ; acorn ovoid-oblong. 



WHITE QUERCUS. Common White-Oak. 



Stem 60 to 100 feet high, and 2 to 4 or 5 feet in diameter, with a whitish or light 

 grey bark. Leaves 4 to 6 inches long, usually with 3 to 5 lobes on each side (some- 

 times cuneate and 3-lobed); petioles % an inch to an inch in length. Acorn of 

 medium size (near an inch long), seated in a shallowish bowl-shaped pubescent 

 cupule, the fruit generally in pairs, sessile on a common peduncle about half an 

 inch in length. 

 Hob. Woodlands : every where common. 



Obs. This is one of our finest and most valuable forest trees, 

 often attaining to an enormous size, and not less entitled than its 

 English congener, to the epithets employed by COWPER: 



" Lord of the woods, the long-surviving Oak." 



The timber is firm and durable, and much used in the various 

 mechanic arts. The keels of some of our largest national vessels 

 have been obtained from this Oak. The bark is astringent and 

 tonic, while the acorns are sweet and nutritious, affording a favor- 

 ite food for swine. A variety (or hybrid), with more deeply-lobed 

 leaves, and considerably larger fruit, has been observed near the 

 South Western border of our County, by my vigilant friend, Mr. 

 JOSHUA HOOPES. 



f f Chestnut-Oak group ; leaves coarsely and obtusely sinuate-dentate. 



3. Q. l>icolor, Willd. Leaves oblong-obovate, unequally den- 

 tate, densely villous and olive-green beneath ; acorn ovoid-oblong. 

 TWO-COLORED QUERCUS. Swamp White-Oak. 



Stem 40 to 60 or 70 feet high. Leaves 4 to 6 inches long, varying from broad- 

 ovate to obovate ; petioles about half an inch in length. Fruit in pairs (or often 

 single), sessile on an axillary common peduncle 1 or 2 to 4 inches long; acorn 

 rather large, the cupule dentate on the margin. 

 Hob. Low grounds ; along streams, Ac. : frequent. 



Obs. This is every way inferior in value to the preceding. 



4. Q. IHOlltaiia, Willd. Leaves broadly obovate, nearly equally 

 dentate, pubescent and subglaucous beneath ; cupule subturbinate 

 at base ; acorn elliptic-oblong, large. 



MOUNTAIN QUERCUS. Rock Chestnut-Oak. 



Stem 40 to 60 or 70 feet high, when old, the bark thick and deeply furrowed. 

 Leaves 4 to 8 inches long, sometimes roundish-obovate, unequal at base, the 

 teeth short, broad, and somewhat mucronate, with a callous point; petioles % an 

 inch to an inch in length. Fruit on short common peduncles ; acorn about an inch 

 and quarter long, and % of an inch in diameter. 

 Sab. Hilly, rocky woodlands : frequent. 



Obt. The wood of this is considered valuable, and the bark is 

 prized by Tanners. The acorns, also, are nutritious, and sought 

 after by swine. 



