268 



APETALOUS EXOGENS 



Ob*. This species which is chiefly valued for fuel is abundant 

 in the adjacent districts of Maryland; but has only been found 

 within the present year (1852), in our County, by the active re- 

 searches of Mr. JOSHUA HOOPES. 



9. Q. ilicifolia, Wangenh. Dwarf; leaves cuneate-obovate, 

 angulate-lobed, cinereous-tomentose beneath; fruit small, in nu- 

 merous clusters on the branches ; acorn roundish-ovoid. 



Q. Banisteri. MX. $ FL Cestr. ed. 2. p. 533. 

 ILEX-LEAVED QUERCUS. Black Scrub-Oak. Bear-Oak. 



Stem, 3 to 6 or 8 feet high, with numerous crooked spreading branches. leaves 

 2 to 3 or 4 inches long, often 3-lobed at apex, others angularly 5-lobed and some- 

 what fiddle-shaped ; petioles half an inch to an inch in length. Acorns striped. 

 Hob. Sterile, slaty hills : frequent. 



Obs. This worthless little species is abundant on our Barrens ; 

 but is rarely seen on good land. 



10. Q. tinctoria,, Bartram. Leaves obovate-oblong, sinuate- 

 lobed, more or less rusty -puberulent beneath ; cupule scaly, thick ; 

 acorn ovoid, rather small. 



DYER'S QUERCUS. Black-Oak. Quercitron. 



Stem 60 to 80 or 90 feet high, and 2 to 4 feet in diameter, with a thickish fur- 

 rowed dark-colored outer hark, and a spongy yellow inner bark. Leaves GOT 8 

 inches long, obovate in their outline, more or less deeply sinuate-lobed (usually 3 

 principal lobes on each side), the under surface loosely clothed with little fascicles 

 of short hairs, which give it aroughish powdery appearance; petioles 1 to 2 inches 

 in length. 

 Hob. Rich upland woodjs : common. 



Obs. The wood of this fine tree is not so valuable as that of some 

 others; but the inner bark is a considerable article of commerce, 

 under the name of Quercitron. It is employed in dyeing yellow ; 

 and has nearly superseded the use of Weld (Reseda luteola, L.), in 

 the manufactories of Europe, in calico printing. 



11. Q. COCCiliea, Wangenh. Leaves oval in outline, deeply 

 sinuate-pinnatifid, with broad and open sinuses, smooth and shining 

 green on both sides; cupule conspicuously scaly; acorn roundish- 

 ovoid, depressed at apex. 



CRIMSON QUERCUS. Scarlet-Oak. 



Stem 50 to 80 feet high. Leaves 4 to 6 or 8 inches long, with 3 or 4 principal 

 narrowish divergent lobes on each side, the sinuses deep, rounded and wider at 

 bottom, becoming a showy crimson in autumn : petioles 2 to 4 inches in length. 

 Hob. Hilly woodlands : frequent. 



Obs. The bark of this tree is much sought after by our Tanners, 

 who (not being acquainted with the Q. falcata) erroneously call it 

 " Spanish Oak"; and give it the preference over all the other Oaks, 

 that are common here, for their business. The crimson leaves of 

 this species, where it abounds, impart a gorgeous and magnificent 

 appearance to our forests, in autumn; and it is really marvellous, 

 that a tree so handsome at all seasons, should be so rarely seen in 

 the lawns and pleasure grounds of persons of any pretensions to 

 taste. 



