292 GYMNOSPERMOUS EXOGENS 



Obs. This tree though somewhat rare in Chester County is so 

 generally diffused throughout North America, that it has been 

 adopted as emblematic, in Vignettes on Maps, and other devices, 

 having reference to this Continent. The timber is often cut into 

 lumber; but is much inferior in value to the White Pine. The 

 bark is used in tanning leather, and MARSHALL says, the Aborigines 

 employed it to dye their splints, for baskets, of a red color. The 

 young plants, properly managed, make a very beautiful (though 

 not very effective) evergreen hedge. 



4. A. EXC^LSA, DC. Branchlets pendulous; leaves somewhat 4- 

 angled, or keeled on both sides ; strobiles cylindric-oblong, large. 

 TALL, OR LOFTY ABIES. Norway Fir. 



Stem 60 to 80 feet, or more, in height, with spreading branches, and pendulous 

 branchlets. Leaves about an inch long, scattered round the branches, but bifar. 

 iously inclined. Strobiles 5 to 9 inches long, nearly cylindrical, light brown ; scales 

 rhomboid, flattish, rigid, thin and somewhat wavy on the edge, slightly lacerate- 

 notched at the tapering apex. Seed with one edge of the wing a little thicker, 

 like a Maple Samara. 

 Hah. Yards, and lawns. Nat. of Northern Europe. Fl. May. Fr. 



Obs. This stately, solemn-looking tree, with its numerous dark- 

 green waving branchlets, is becoming frequent in ornamental 

 grounds. The Burgundy Pitch, of the shops, is said to be afforded 

 by this species. 



ft Leaves needle-shaped) Wangled, thickly scattered all round the branches. 



5 A. XLBA, MX. Branchlets rather slender and drooping; leaves 



slender, spreading, light bluish-green; strobiles oblong; scales 



entire. 



WHITE ABIES. White Spruce. Single Spruce. 



Stem 30 to 60 feet high, with a light-colored bark. Leaves % to % of an inch 

 long, somewhat incurved. Strobiles 1 to near 2 inches in length, nearly cylindri- 

 cal, pale brown ; scales obovate, wavy on the edge. 

 Hob. Yards, &c. Nat. of Northern States. Fl. May. Fr. 



Obs. Cultivated as an ornamental tree. 



6. A. NI V GRA, Poiret. Young branches stout and erect; leaves 

 short, erect, rigid, dark green; strobiles ovoid-oblong; scales cre- 

 nulate at apex. 

 BLACK ABIES. Black Spruce. Double Spruce. 



Stem 30 to 60 feet, or more, high, with a handsome conical top. Leaves about 

 half an inch long, numerous, and appressed, all round the branches. Strobiles 1 to 2 

 inches long; scales wavy on the edge, and denticulate at apex. 

 Hob. Yards, and lawns. Nat. of Northern States. Fl. May. Fr. 



Obs. Becoming frequent as an ornamental shade tree. The young 

 branches are employed to give the flavor to Spruce Beer. 



395. I,A V RIX, Tourmf. 



[The ancient name.] 



STAMINATB AMENTS lateral and scattered, bud-like, or the stamens 

 in capitate clusters. FERTILE AMENTS on different branches, lat- 

 eral, the carpellary scales with colored persistent bracts. Strobile 



