296 GYMNOSPEKMOUS EXOGENS 



buds ; anther-cells 3 to 8, clustered under a peltate and somewhat 

 lobed connective. FERTILE FLOWERS scaly-bracteate at base, con- 

 sisting merely of a solitary naked ovule, seated in a cup-shaped disk 

 which finally becomes pulpy and berry-like, sometimes nearly in- 

 closing the seed. Cotyledons 2, very short. Shrubs (trees, in Europe) : 

 leaves evergreen, linear, rigid, mostly distichous; pulp of the disk 

 orange-red. 



l.T. Canatleiisis, Willd. A diffusely branching shrub; leaves 

 mucronate, with recurved or slightly revolute margins, distichous. 

 CANADIAN TAXUS. American Yew. 



Stem 2 to 4 feet high, with straggling branches. Leaves % an inch to % in 

 length, smooth, entire, green on both sides, narrowed at base to a very short peti- 

 ole. 

 Hob. Banks of the Schuylkill; Black Rock: rare. Fl. April. Fr. Octo. 



2. T. BACCATA, L. A low tree, finally* with large trunk; leaves 

 acute, nearly flat, deep green, distichous, or sometimes crowded 

 round the branches. 

 BACCATE TAXUS. Common Yew. 



Stem seldom, as yet, seen more than a few feet high, among us ; branches nu- 

 merous and spreading. Leaves % to 1^ inches long, mostly bifarious, subsessile. 

 Hob. Yards, and Cemeteries. Nat. of Europe. Fl. April. Fr. Octo. 



Obs. Becoming frequent in Church-yards, and rural Cemeteries. 

 It was this densely branching Evergreen which the Gardeners, in 

 old times, clipped and trimmed into so many fantastic shapes, by 

 way of what they considered ornament. There has been recently 

 introduced a very distinct variety, with compact branches, and 

 densely crowded leaves, called Irish Yew, which, when properly 

 planted, may be trimmed into a very neat hedge, round a yard, or 

 garden ; though not calculated to be a substantial protection to the 

 premises. 



400. SAMSBITRIA, Smith. 



[Dedicated to Richard Anthony Salisbury ; an English Botanist.] 

 STAMINATE AMENTS axillary, filiform, pedunculate ; anthers several, 

 2-celled, cells pendulous from the lacerated scale-like connective, 

 opening longitudinally, finally divaricate. FERTILE FLOWERS ter- 

 minal, solitary, on simple or fasciculately branching peduncles; 

 ovule naked, seated in a cup-shaped disk, in the thickened concave 

 apex of the peduncle, the disk finally becoming fleshy, embracing 

 the base of the nut-like seed. Cotyledons 2, linear, elongated. 

 Trees: leaves plicately involute in the bud, deciduous, alternate, or 

 somewhat fasciculate, on long petioles, fan-shaped and striate- 

 nerved, more resembling phyllodia than true leaves. 



1. S. ADIANTIFOLIA, Smith. Leaves broadly cuneate and truncate, 

 or inversely deltoid, often bifidly incised at apex, coriaceous, and 

 striate with diverging nerves. 

 ADIANTUM-LEAVED SALISBURIA. Gingko, or Ginkgo. 



Stem 40 to 60 or 80 feet high, with a light-grey bark, and branching, with some- 

 thing of the habit of a Populus, or Aspen. Leaves 2 to 3 inches long, and 3 to 4 

 inches wide at apex ; petioles about 3 inches in length. 

 Hob. Yards, and lawns. Nat. of Japan. Fr. FL 



