422 ANOPHYTES 



1 D. Capilliireiim, Myrin. [Hair-like] : Steins elongated, 

 sparingly branched; branches squarrose; leaves secund, subulate 

 by the long excurrent nerve from an ovate base ; capsule oblong, 

 on a short pedicel. In rivulets. 



SUBORDER II. SPHAGNA V CEAE. 



Calyptra bursting in the middle, persistent ; fruit on short terminal pedicels ; 

 lid opening elastically; orifice of the capsule naked; columella at maturity obso- 

 lete. 



565. SPHAGNUM, Dillen. Peat-Moss. 



[From Sphagnos, the ancient Greek name.] 



Calyptra irregularly torn. Capsule sessile on the pedicel-like torus 

 (vaginula). Peristome none. Lid deciduous. Monoicous. Soft, 

 flaccid, pale-colored or whitish Mosses, growing in bogs, or very 

 wet places; affording an excellent envelope for the roots of plants, 

 which are to be removed to a distance. 



1. S. cymbi folium, Ehrh. [Boat-leaved'] : Stems elongated 

 (6 to 12 inches); branches cylindrical, turgid; leaves ovate, or 

 oblong, obtuse, concave, closely imbricated. Swamps, &c. 



2. S. iU-lltiOliiim, Ehrh. [Acute-leaved]: Leaves ovate- 

 lanceolate, involute at apex, acute, crowded. Bogs, and wet places. 

 Smaller than the preceding. 



ORDER CXXIV. HEPAT'ICAE. 



Moss-like plants, perennial, or annual, of a loose cellular texture, usually procum- 

 bent and emitting rootlets from beneath ; the calyptra not- separating from the 

 base, but usually rupturing at apex; the capsule not open ing by a lid, containing 

 spores usually mixed witfi elaters (thin thread-like cells, containing one or two 

 spiral fibres which uncoil elastically at maturity).* 



SUBORDER I. JUNGERMANNIA V CEAE. 



Annual, or perennial; frondose, or distinctly leafy, often stipulate (i. e. with 

 amphigastria); antheridia scattered, free, stipitate or immersed ; pistillidia solitary, 

 or rarely several, in involucres immediately arising from the stem, or frond, calyp- 

 trate; capsule mostly 4-valved, pedicellate; spores mixed with elaters, the elaters 

 usually with 2 spiral fibres. 



TRIBE 1. JUNGERMANNID'EAE. 



* The Vegetation of the HEPATICAE is " sometimes frondose, i. e. the stem and 

 leaves confluent into an expanded leaf-like mass; sometimes foliaceous, when the 

 leaves are distinct from the stem, as in true Mosses, entire or cleft, 2-ranked, and 

 often with an imperfect or rudimentary row (amphigastria) on the under side of 

 the stem. Reproductive organs of 2 kinds, viz. antheridia and pistillidia, much as 

 in Mosses (which see), variously situated. The matured pistillidium forms the 

 capsule, which is either sessile or borne on a long cellular pedicel, and dehiscent 

 by irregular openings, by teeth at its apex, or lengthwise by 2 to 4 valves. A 

 columella is rarely present. The perianth is a tubular organ inclosing the calyptra, 

 which directly includes the pistillidium. Surrounding the perianth are involucral 

 leaves of particular forms. The antheridia in the foliaceous species are situated in 

 the axils of pcrigonial leaves." GRAY'S Manual. 



