442 THALLOPHYTES 



31. P. pallcSCCIlS, Fr. [Pale] : Crust subtartareous, rugose- 

 granulate, glaucesccnt; hypothalius pale; apothecia tumid; disk 

 pale, innate-pruinose, the margin erect, entire, persistent. 



Hub. Trunks, rails, and stones. 



32. P. fartarea, Ach. [Tartar- -like]: Cr :st tnrtarcous. granu- 

 late-conglomerate, giaiu'csecnt ; hypoth'Jlu- pa) ; : poilucia adnate; 

 disk plai.c, r:gu. :.se, pale-yelk whh-flesh-jolorca. the margin in- 

 flexed, e<,ar. 



Var. b. frigida, Ach. crust finally granulate, whitish; hypothallus undis- 

 tinguishiible ; apoUtecia small. n-dJisli. 

 Hob. On rock*. The ear. incrusiioj.' Mossc?. twigs. Ac. but alw.iys sterile, with us. 



Obs. This .'pecies, in common with many others, is employed to 

 produce, valuable dyes. The " Cudbear, 1 " of the shops (said k^be 

 so called, after a Mr. CUTHBKUT, who fr t brought it into use), is a 

 European name of this plant, which is employed to produce a 

 purple for dyeing woollen yarn. The crustaceans spcc'es abound in 

 red, the fo'iacc-uus ones in brown, colorii g matter. 



33. P. slllifVisca, Fr. [Brownish]: Crust cnrtilagineous, 

 smooth, at T-rat continuous, becoming chinky and granulate, glau- 

 cescent; hypothallus m-iculate ; apothecia Jidnnte; disk plano-con- 

 vex, subfuscors, whitish within, the margin erect, colored like the 

 thallus. 



Var. a. digcnl/r, Ft: disk thicki.sh, naked, either red, rufous, fuscous, or black, 

 the margin entire, or }e<*oniin^ ru^o.--e. 



Var. b. ttistttns, Fr. disk thin, at first pruinose, pale, becoming naked, the 

 margin elevated, rrcnulate. 

 Hob. On trunks, roks, &c. : common, and extremely variable. 



34. P. ill1> Ha, Ach. [Whitish]: Crnst cartilagineous, milk- 

 white; apothecia orbiculate, tumid, pale flesh-color, whitish-prui- 

 nose; margin very entire, s b evanescent. 



Hob. ('n trunks of trees. 



35. P. Caesio-rill), lla, Ach. [Grey-reddish]: Crust thin, 

 softish, white; apothecia blattered, rather large; disk plane, be- 

 coming somewhat tumid, pale reddish and iuscescent, at first 

 caesious-pruinosc, equalling the tumid entire margin. 



Sab. On smooth trunks (Maple, &c.). 



36. P. Cinerca, Fr. [Ash-colored]: Crust subtartareous, 

 areolate-rimose, glaucous-cinereous; hypothallus black; apothecia 

 innate ; disk naked, nigrescent, pale within, with a black obtuse 

 sub-elevated thalline margin. 



Hob. On rocks and stones: frequent. 



3T. P. b'idia, Fr. [Liver-brown] : Crust cartilagineous, rimose- 

 areolate, subsquamulose, dark olive ; hypothallus black ; disk naked, 

 polished, fuscous-black, with an entire persistent thalline margin. 



Var. b. endocarpaea, Tuckerm. MS. areolae dispersed, squamaceoue, with sub-im- 

 mersed punctiform (imperfect) apothecia. 

 Hub. On rocks and stones : not frequent. The Var. b. occurs here. 



