LICHENES 



443 



38. P. v:i E-ia . Fr. [ Various'] : Crust cartllagineous, areolate- 

 verrucose, yellowish-green, becoming ochroleucous: hypothallus 

 smooth, macular; apothecia sessile; disk polished, yellowish-flesh- 

 colored, or discolored, with a thin erect entire margin. 



Sab. On fences, stones, &c.: very common. 



39. P. Vitcllimi, Ach. [Yvtk-of-cyg}: Crust tartarcr ,.<, sranu- 

 lose-coacervate, dark reddish -ye', low ; hypothallus m.-vcular, white; 

 apothecia sessile: disk yeilow becoming fuscous, margin simple, 

 thin, erect, entire, at length of the same color. 



Hob. On dead x'ood, and rocks. 



40. P. < i iiMitUm ilia. Ach. [Cinnabar-colored'} : Crust sub- 

 cartilagineous, smooth, rimosc-artolate, or-inge-rul, covering a 

 black hypotha'lus; apothecia somewhat immersed: disk immargin- 

 ate, dark orange-red, thalliue margin entire, persistent. 



Hob. On rocks (diullage, Ac.); Serpentine barrens; along with the preceding. 



41. P. Cerlfia, Ach. [Waxy}: Crust continuous, becoming 

 granulate, cinereous, upon a bbiish-black hypothalius ; apothecia 

 sessile; disk immargirr.tc, somewhat wax-colored, with a thin 

 equal opake entire th.nllJno margin. 



Hob. On trunks, rocks, ic. : frequent. 



SUBSECTION 8. URCKOLARIA. 



Apothecia innate in the crut. or immersed in prctuLcrant warts; lamina of the 

 disk urceolate, or ]>rotubcr:int, A crrucuefonn, blaci i : 'h, normally caesious-pruinose, 

 margined ; hypothallus whitish. 



42. P, calcarca? Ach. [Calcareous]: Crust subcartilagineous, 

 areobite-vcrrucose, glauccsccnt (often mealy and white) : dis.k im- 

 mersed in the areolae, from crncavc bccom're; plane, blackish, 

 caesious-pruinose, with a thin, at length discrete, proper margin ; 

 thallinc margin somewhat prominent, sub-entire, or rugose- crenate. 

 Ifab. On limestone rocks. 



43. P. scrlp%sa, Snmmcrf. [Rugged}: Crust tartareous, 

 rugose-granulate, glaucous-cinerasccnt; hypothallus white; apo- 

 thecia immersed; disk urccoiate, cacsious-black, with a connivent 

 cinereous-blackish proper nutrgin, which is at first covered by the 

 crenate thalline margin. 



Hub. On rocks, stones, dead wood, and on the earth. 



TRIBE 2. LECIDCA'CEAE. 



Apothecia rounded, a perfii.-tent disk contaire I in un opn proper exciple, which it 

 finally covers, and becomes convex, cephaloid, and immarginate. 



509. CI,AWO\\IA. Uoffm. 



[Or. h'lados, a branch ; the rauiiiieutions being often copious.] 

 Apothecia orbiculate, sub-marginate, becoming inflated, cephaloid, 

 and immarginate, empty; disk open, at length protuberant and re- 

 flexed, concealing the proper exciple. Horizontal lhallus squamulose- 

 foliaceous, or crustaceous, from which arises a vertical caulescent 

 cartilagineous fistular thallus (podelium). 



SERIES 1. FUSCESC^NTES. 

 Podetia greenish-fuscous and cinerascent ; apotliecia fuscous. 



