LICHENES 445 



Var. a. crispdta, Floerk. turgid; axils and apices funnelform. 



Far. b. cristdta, Fr. somewhat turgid; obliquely dilated and fimbriate-cristate 

 at the axils ; apices cristate-ramulose. 



Far. c. racemosa, Floerk. podetia elongated, turgescent, ramose, and, as well as 

 the axils gaping ; branches recurved or erect, the fertile ones explanate. 



Far. d. subuldta, Floerk. podetia more slender, with subpertuse axils; apices of 

 the fertile ones cloven; branches erectish, recurved, or divergent. 

 Hob. On the earth : common. 



9. C. rangif crina, Hoffm. [Rein-deer"} : Thallus crustaceous, 

 evanescent; podetia fruticulose, trichotomously and very much 

 branched, subtomentose, cinerascent; axils subperforate ; sterile 

 apices nodding, fertile ones erect, cymose. 



Far. b. sylvdtica, Fluerk. slender, smoother, pale straw-color. 



Far. c. alpestris, Floerk. soflish; branches densely thyrsoid-entangled. 

 Hah. On the earth. 



Obs. We probably have all these allied forms. This Lichen is 

 noted, as constituting the principal food of the Rein-deer, in Lapland. 

 "It is this," says Sir W. J. HOOKER, "which for the greater part 

 of the year, and especially in winter, is the support of the vast 

 herds of Rein-deer, wherein consists all the wealth of the Lap- 

 landers. No vegetable, LINNAEUS tells us, grows throughout Lapland 

 in such abundance as this, especially in woods of scattered pines, 

 where for very many miles together, the surface of the sterile soil 

 is covered with it, as with snow. On the destruction of forests by 

 fire, when no other vegetable will find nutriment, this Lichen 

 springs up and flourishes, and, after a few years, acquires its full 

 size. Here the Rein-deer are pastured ; and whatever may be the 

 depth of snow, during the long winters of that climate, these crea- 

 tures have the power of penetrating it, and obtaining their necessary 

 food." 



SERIES 2. CocciFERAE. 

 Podetia greenish, becoming fulvescent at base; apothecia scarlet. 



* Podetia cartUagineous-corticate, never finely pulverulent. 



10. C. CO I'll licopioi ties, Fr. [Cornucopia-like]: Thallus 

 squamulose ; podetia glabrous, becoming verrucose, or granulate- 

 eubpulverulent, yellowish, finally cinereous-green, the scyphiferous 

 ones elongated-turbinate, attenuate below; scyphi cyathiform, 

 dilated. 



Hob. On the earth : common. Often sterile. 



11. C. Floerfeeana, Fr. [Floerke's]: Thallus squamulose ; 

 podetia cylindrical, slender, glabrous, becoming granulate-ver- 

 rucose, or squamose-decorticate, greenish and pallescent, nigrescent 

 at base ; scyphi passing into somewhat digitate fastigiate branches. 

 Sab. On the earth, logs, fences, &c. : very common. 



* * Podetia wiUt the epidermis membranaceous, and dissolving into a fine dust. 



12. C. macilenta, Iloffm. [Thin, or lean]: Thallus squamulose ; 

 podetia cylindrical, slender, membranaceous-corticate above, becom- 

 ing hoary-pulverulent ; scyphi narrow, tubaeform with an erect 

 margin, or obsolete. 



