&c. belong to this class ; as do the 

 Rose, Hawthorn, &c. 



Flowers that &re.douUe ought not 

 to be consulted, as they lose their 

 distinctive characters ; and are, 

 therefore, useless to the botanist. 



The Dog-rose, or Rosa canina, 

 which grows wild in the woods, is 

 a good specimen of this class. 



13. Polyandria has generally more than twenty sta- 



mens, sometimes less. The charac- 

 ter depends on the part to which 

 they are attached, which is the re- 

 ceptacle. The calyx of this class (if 

 the flower have one) consists of two 

 or more leaves, which generally fall 

 off so soon as the blossom opens. 



It is important to preserve the 

 twelfth and thirteenth classes dis- 

 tinct ; as some late botanists have 

 injudiciously united them into one 

 class. In this class is found the 

 Butter-cup, Larkspur, Poppy, &c. 



14. Didynamia has two short and four long stamens 



as in the Snap Dragon, Mint, Thyme, 

 Lavender, &c. 



All plants of this class, which 

 have naked seeds, are aromatic. 



15. Tetradynamia two short and four long stamens 



as in the Wall Flower, Cabbage, Ra- 

 dish, Turnip, etc. 



The more readily to distinguish 

 this class from the sixth, in which 

 the stamens are of equal length, it 

 may be noticed that the flowers of 

 the 15th class have always four petals, 

 which form a cross, being regularly 

 placed in pairs opposite to each other, 

 and are thence called cruciform or 

 cross-shaped. 



In the 16th, 17th, and 18th 



classes, the stamens are united, by 



the lower parts of the filaments, into 



parcels or brotherhoods. 



16. Monadelphia The stamens are all united in a 



tube around the pistil, forming one 

 brotherhood. They are united at the 

 bottom, but separated at the top. 

 In this class are the beautiful family 

 of Geraniums, the Cotton Plant, 

 Mallow, &c. 



17. Diadelphia The stamens are united into two bro- 



therhoods or parcels. The flowers 

 belonging to this class are all of the 

 same form, called papilionaceous, or 

 butterfly-shaped as the Pea, Clover, 

 Broom, &c. 



18. Polyadelphia The stamens are collected into more 



than two sets, each parcel united at 

 the bottom by the filaments. This 

 class does not contain many plants. 

 In it are found the Orange, St. 

 John's Wort, &c. 



19. Syngenesia The stamens are united by their an- 



thers, into a tube, but the filaments 

 are separate. The Dandelion, Sun 

 Flower, &c. are in this class. 



20. Gynandria The stamens grow out of the pistil, as 



in the Ladies Slipper, Orchis, &c. 

 " Linnaeus included in this class all 

 plants of which the parts in question 

 were in any sense united above the 

 receptacle of the flower. Thus 

 Passiflora, or the Passion flower, 

 whose germen is elevated on a co- 

 lumnar basis, and the stamens in- 

 serted into the summit of the same 

 part, just below it, was considered 

 as Gynandrous. Such a principle is 

 attended with great inconvenience, 

 as in Grewia, an oriental shrub, 

 some species of which have a consi- 

 derable elevation of the germen, and 

 others little or none. It is found, 

 therefore, by far most convenient, 

 not to consider such insertion or 

 union at all as the character of a 

 class or order, unless it takes place 

 upon or above the germen; or, in other 

 words, unless the stamens grow out 



