TRANSMUTABLE. 115 



modifications in the Gorilla, or other apes. 31st. 

 -The lower limbs in man are longer in propor- 

 tion to the trunk than in any other mammalian 

 animal. 32nd. In no animal is the femur so 

 long in proportion as in man. 33rd. In no 

 animal does the tibia expand so much at its 

 upper end. 34th. In man only is the innermost 

 condyle of the femur longer than the outermost. 

 35th. The pelvis in man is formed of shorter 

 iliac bones than the Gorilla; they are more bent 

 forwards, and are more expanded behind to give 

 attachment to the glutei muscles, which are de- 

 veloped to a maximum in man. 36th. The 

 tuberosities of the ischium are rounded, not an- 

 gular, and not inclined outwards, as in the Go- 

 rilla and ape tribe, and the symphisis pubis is 

 shorter. 37th. The vertebral column of -man is 

 designed for a creature to walk erect. 



38th. The arms of man are brought into more 

 symmetrical proportions with the lower limbs, 

 and their bony framework shews all the perfec- 

 tions that have been superinduced upon it in the 

 mammalian series, namely, a complete clavicle, a 

 broad scapula with the glenoid articulation turned 

 outwards, the clavicle bent in a sigmoid flexure, 

 the humerus exceeding in length the bones of the 

 fore-arm. The carpal bones are eight. The 

 thumb in man is developed far beyond any de- 

 gree exhibited by the highest quadrumana, and 

 is the most perfect opposing digit in the animal 

 creation. 39th. The skull of man is distin- 

 guished from every other animal by (a) the 



