TRANSMUTABLE. 117 



the human species. The human race differ 1st. 

 "In size from the Bushmen and Laplander, 

 who are four to five feet, to some of the Ger- 

 manic and Patagonian Indians, who are six to 

 seven feet." 2nd. u ln colour they differ ex- 

 tremely, but we know how much of this is due 

 to climatic causes. The Jews, for instance, for 

 the last eighteen hundred years, have been a 

 dispersed and wandering race in all climates, 

 and they have remained a distinct race. There 

 are however Jews still living in the Valley of 

 Jordan, an oppressed and ill-used race, who are as 

 Hack as the Ethiopian" 3rd. "The differences 

 in the bony structure are almost confined to the 

 pelvis and cranium, the former is a slight but 

 constant difference, the latter clearly traceable to 

 the effects of mental culture upon the size of 

 the brain; the pre-maxillary bone is only found 

 to exhibit a marked suture or distinction from 

 the maxillary in very early foetal life, while in 

 the chimpanzee and orang it may be observed in 

 the latter, at least as late as the second denti- 

 tion." 4th. "On a comparison of the basis of 

 the skulls of all human varieties, the strictly 

 bi-manous character of the position of the foramen, 

 magnum, and occipital condyles is observed equally 

 well displayed in the highest as the lowest." 



Upon these and other more detailed grounds, 

 Professor Owen has come to the conclusion that 

 MAN FORMS ONE SPECIES; u and in no case can a 

 well-marked definite line be drawn between the 

 physical characteristics, of allied varieties, these 



