ON THE PROTECTION OF BUDS 69 



5. By the two connate stipules of a leaf, as in the 



Elm, Spanish Chestnut. 



6. By two connate stipules belonging to different 



leaves, as in the Hop. 



7. By spines. 



8. By furry hair. 



9. By gum, resin, or mucus. 



In considering the protection of buds in their 

 youngest stages we must distinguish between two 

 different cases : the first, where the young bud as a 

 whole is protected by older organs; and the second, 

 when the future leaves are protected by the outer bud- 

 scales. 



The cases in which the young bud is protected by 

 older organs may be divided into four principal cate- 

 gories : 



1. Those in which the protection is mainly afforded 

 by leaf-blades. 



2. Those in which the protection is mainly afforded 

 by the petiole or by the leaf-base. 



3. Those in which the protection is mainly afforded 

 by stipules. 



4. Those in which the protection is mainly afforded 

 by hairs. 



PROTECTION BY LEAVES 



In hot countries, where the young bud principally 

 requires protection from the scorching rays of the sun, 

 this is often effected by their simply lying under the 



