OS THE STRUCTURE OF BUDS 



99 



gating pedestals. If there are three scales, these are 

 stipules. When four are present, one will be found to 

 have at the end a few finger-like processes (fig. 142, L), 

 the rudiment of a leaf-blade. At the base will be found 

 the more or less evident scars left by the two stipules. 



C. S. 



'140 



o.st 



144 



147 



ALNUS GLUTINOSA, x 3. 

 FIG. 144. Portion of slioot bearing a lateral bud ; o.s., outer scale ; s.s., second scale 



that, is, the outer one of a pair of stipules. 

 Fio. 145. Outer scale of winter-bud. 

 FIG. 146. o.s., outer, and i.s., inner stipule of the first distinct pair ; Z, their leaf, 



flattened out like the stipules. 



FIG. 147. o.s?., outer, and i.st., inner stipule of the second distinct pair ; I, their leaf. 

 FIG. 148. o.st., outer, and i.st., inner stipule of the third distinct pair ; I, their leaf. 



In this case, therefore, the last leaf of autumn is small, 

 and sooner or later falls off ; but, in connection with the 

 stipules of the next leaf, it often assists in protecting 

 the bud through the winter. It often, however, be- 

 comes detached, and in such buds as shown in the trans- 



H 2 



