110 BUDS AND STIPULES 



(fig. 168) are longer than broad; the fourth (fig. 169) 

 still longer, and rather narrowed at the base ; the fifth 

 (fig. 170) begin to assume the form of the leaf, and 

 have a distinct, though very short, base; the sixth and 

 seventh (figs. 171, 172) approximate still more to the 

 final form of the leaf. 



In the Holly also (Ilex Aquifolium) the bud-scales 

 are leaf-blades. 



THE WILLOW (Salix) 



The winter-buds of the Goat Willow (Salix Gaprea) 

 are ovate, obtuse, tumid, relatively short, and more 

 or less downy. The terminal bud dies, so that 

 growth is renewed by the lateral ones. The bud 

 is covered by a cap or scale in one piece, which 

 shows no line of cohesion on either the anterior (fig. 

 173) or posterior face (fig. 174). Laterally, however, 

 there are two strong ribs or keels, one on each edge. 

 When growth recommences in spring the scale splits 

 regularly from apex to base on the posterior face, and 

 from the apex downwards, for one-third to one-half its 

 length, on the anterior face (fig. 175). If the scale 

 splits further, it does so irregularly. The whole 

 scale, flattened out at fig. 176, shows the extent of 

 the natural splitting, and also the two ribs or keels. 

 This method of splitting and the two ribs indicate 

 that the scale of the winter-bud is composed of two 

 leaves, inserted right and left on the axis and cohering 



