128 BUDS AND STIPULES 



The next younger leaf in each case lies beneath its 

 own stipules, and in that position corresponds to the 

 opening left uncovered by the previous and older pair. 

 None of the pairs of stipules completely surround the 

 bud. 



The outer scales are often of a rich crimson (PI. I. 

 figs. 1, 2), and the next few sometimes of a brilliant ruby 

 with greenish tips. When the buds first open the 

 leaves, as is the case in other trees for instance, the 

 Beech, Hornbeam, Elm. &c. turn downwards, as- 

 suming, as Mr. Henslow has pointed out, the attitude 

 of some leaves when asleep, and probably for the same 

 reason, namely, to expose a less surface to the sky 

 during the cold nights of spring. 



THE BIRCH (Betula alba) 



In the Birch also the terminal shoot perishes, 

 and the apparently terminal bud is really axil- 

 lary. 



If an apparently terminal bud is carefully examined 

 in winter it shows four scars at the base. Two ot 

 these are large, and are those left by the death of the 

 terminal shoot and the leaf respectively. The two 

 smaller ones, which are not always easy to see, are 

 those of the stipules of the fallen leaf. 



The bud itself is ovoid-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, or 

 with a few cilia at the margins of the scales, and deep 



