134 BUDS AND STIPULES 



though the inner ones are very small or but slightly 

 developed in winter. 



If the branch is examined, the scars where the 

 stipules were inserted may be seen, forming rings 

 (figs. 210, 211) round the base of each annual shoot. 

 The shoot elongates considerably between the leaves, but 

 not between the stipules, so that the stipular rings 

 remain close together; these are very persistent, and 

 can be traced for twenty-five years or more. 



The long, narrow, brown stipules of the bud are 

 thrown off when the leaves expand, and may be found 

 in large numbers under the trees. The terminal bud 

 is straight ; the lower ones stand out from and curve 

 towards the twig. Before unfolding they tend to turn 

 upwards, but afterwards bend down (PI. IV. figs. 1-4), 

 as in the Elm, &c. The leaves are plicate. 



The flowering-buds (PL IV. fig. 7) are much 

 thicker than the others. 



THE HORNBEAM (Carpinus Betulus) 



The bud of the Hornbeam (Garpinus Betulus) 

 (PL I. figs. 4, 5) has at the base about half-a- 

 dozen very small, dark scales ; then two, pale at the 

 base and brown above, rounded at the apex, and 

 sometimes with two points ; then two or three coloured 

 like the preceding, but pointed ; then follow the 

 pair enclosing the first leaf. After these the stipules 

 become longer, more hairy, and more rounded at the 



