140 BUDS AND STIPULES 



half of the other. The cilia are much longer than those 

 of the previous stipules. 



The thirteenth and fourteenth pairs are pubescent 

 on both faces. 



The fifteenth and sixteenth pairs cover a small, 

 subcompressed, hairy catkin of male flowers. The 

 catkin is axillary, but no leaf is discernible. 



The seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth pairs 

 are much smaller than the two previous pairs, but 

 otherwise similar, and each pair protect a catkin. 



The twentieth pair are small, membranous, silky on 

 both faces, covering a male catkin ; and the , twenty- 

 first pair cover what appears to be a female inflor- 

 escence in a very minute or early stage of development. 

 In all these cases leaves are entirely absent or indis- 

 cernible during the months of winter. 



In the Evergreen Oak the leafless scales are com- 

 paratively few. As the tree belongs to milder climates, 

 the leaves do not require so much protection. 



Henry (18, 338) was of opinion that the outer scales 

 consist of a leaf-blade connate with two stipules. The 

 series given above in figs. 215-235 seems to me con- 

 clusive against this view. 



WHITEBEAM (Pyrus Aria) 



The scales of the winter-bud (fig. 236) of the 

 Whitebeam (Pyrus Aria) consist of the base of the 

 leaf that is, the petiole in combination with the 



