142 BUDS AND STIPULES 



stipules ; and in this respect they closely resemble those 

 of the Elm. At the base of the bud the persistent 

 base of one or two leaves, that fell in autumn, may be 

 found sheltering, it may be, axillary buds. These can 

 easily be recognised by the scars of the three vessels 

 (fig. 236). One obvious difference between the buds 

 of the Whitebeam arid the Elm is that the scales 

 of the former are arranged in five ranks, while those 

 of the latter are in two ranks, the difference being 

 dependent upon the phyllotaxy. 



The first scale (fig. 237) is semicircular and slightly 

 erose at the apex, but otherwise entire. The second 

 (fig. 238) is several times as large, and obtusely cari- 

 nate. The third scale (fig. 239) shows three ribs or 

 nerves, and is about as long as the bud before growth 

 is resumed in spring. The fourth is similar. The 

 fifth scale (fig. 240) of a good-sized terminal bud (from 

 which the sketches were made) was 3-ribbed, more 

 membranous, greenish and trifid at the apex, thus dis- 

 closing the true nature of the scales, namely, a combina- 

 tion of the base of the petiole and the stipules. All 

 the scales are rather firmly glued together by means 

 of a viscid gum secreted from a cluster of orange- 

 coloured glands situated close to the base on the inner 

 face. The sixth is similar. 



The seventh scale (fig. 241) is still more membra- 

 nous, more faintly 3-nerved, very unequally trifid, and 

 enclosing three-quarters of the bud. The eighth is 



