THE COMMON BLACK GROUSE. 179 



assemble at feeding times, for of late years this spe- 

 cies has increased to an immense extent, and from 

 the life of the hens being to a certain degree pro- 

 tected, a sufficient breeding stock is always kept 

 up. At the season of their thus assembling in flocks, 

 they are extremely shy and wary. 



The plumage of the adult male is, on all the upper 

 parts, of a rich steel-blue ; on the under parts, pitch- 

 black, which duller colour also is seen on the second- 

 aries and wing-coverts. The secondaries are tipped 

 with white, forming a bar across the wings conspicu- 

 ous in flight, and the under-tail coverts are of the same 

 pure colour. The form of the tail is, however, the 

 most curious or anomalous structure in this bird, dif- 

 fering from all the others, (except one, where it is very 

 slightly indicated,) in being forked, and having the 

 feathers bending outward. From this circumstance, 

 it has been formed into a s-ubgenus by Swainson, 

 under the title Lyrurus, and is made in that gen- 

 tleman's system to represent the fissirostral form 

 among the Tetraonidse, bearing analogy in its forked 

 tail and glossy plumage to the Drongo shrikes of 

 Africa and India. The female bears the more unob- 

 trusive colours which run through the sex in the rest 

 of the group, and has a chaste and beautiful arrange- 

 ment of brown, black, and greyish-yellow. The fork 

 of the tail is very slightly seen. 



From the Grouse and Ptarmigan we appear to ar- 

 rive naturally at those birds which 611 their situation in 



