CHOOSING AND PLANTING. 9 



in the direction of the roots, not from the outside to- 

 wards the bole, so as to turn back some of the tender 

 rootlets from their right direction. As soon as the roots 

 are covered, water plentifully with a rose on the water- 

 ing-pot, and then finish filling in the earth. If a tree 

 be large and branching, the branches must be compactly 

 tied up before its removal, and a good stake must be 

 firmly placed before the roots are covered, lest in driving 

 it in, some of them get injured. A little cavity may be 

 left round the bole to retain the water afterwards given. 



In transplanting, the circumstances especially de- 

 manding care are to save injury to the delicate organs 

 of the roots, and to prevent injurious evaporation. A 

 little injudicious violence to the tender rootlets will do 

 great mischief to a tree or plant; and to prevent 

 evaporation, time should be chosen when neither earth 

 nor air are excessively dry. 



Where the soil, especially the subsoil, is not favour- 

 able for the kind of tree to be planted, what gardeners 

 term planting on stations, i.e., planting on a paved 

 foundation, is found advantageous. Where the land 

 is of a nature to require more efficient draining than 

 the cultivator may wish to bestow on it, trees may 

 prosper with this kind of planting which would other- 

 wise fail. In a moist soil, inefficiently drained, the 

 forces may be planted in a shallow hole, and the earth 

 may be raised round them above the natural level of 

 the ground ; but if the locality be dry, they may be 

 planted with the collar well above the ground line. 

 Dig a hole six feet square : two feet deep will be 

 enough for trees which are to be kept to a dwarf habit 

 of growth, but four or . five inches more must be 

 removed to make room for the paving material (if I 

 may call it so) to be introduced. In digging the hole, 

 throw all the good rich earth together to use again, and 

 remove entirely, all the clayey, sour subsoil, to be 

 replaced with ; good, appropriate, rich mould in the 

 planting. Beat the bottom of the hole flat, and fill 

 in with four or five inches thickness of refuse stone 

 from a quarry, brickbats, chalk, or clinkers: some persons 



