GBAFTING AND BUDDING. 15 



which I should have been sorry to have lost. In such 

 a locality as that above described, and in October, as 

 soon as the leaves are down, make two shallow parallel 

 trenches, one foot apart, and raise the earth thrown out 

 upon the ridge between them. From the fruit trees 

 which are to be propagated, cut straight twigs a foot 

 and a half long, taking especial care to leave the ends 

 uncut. Plant the two ends of each cuttiog, one in each 

 trench, arching the centre over the ridge, close down 

 upon it, cover all with earth except the centre bud, and 

 it will in time throw out roots and leaves, and become a 

 little tree by the following summer. 



Laying or layering is growing cuttings without sever- 

 ing the connection between, them and the parent tree 

 until after the root is formed. To facilitate the growth 

 of root, the layers are often tongued, i. e., the stem to 

 be layered is partly cut through, close to a bud, when 

 the roots will push into the earth more easily than they 

 would make their way through the firm bark. The 

 layers are partly covered with earth, the ends being left 

 out, firmly pegged down, allowed to root from the 

 underground portion, and, when well grown, separated 

 from tho parent tree or plant. 



Sprays of plants may be rooted in pots, while still 

 growing on the tree. Pass a shoot through the bole in 

 a garden pot, giving it a slight cut or twist by the bud 

 nearest the bottom of the pot or not, according to the 

 nature of the plant for rooting readily or the contrary, 

 fill the pot with mould or compost, and the spray, if 

 rooted and grown, may be separated the following 

 autumn. This is good for wood which will not bear 

 bending. 



CHAPTEE IV 



AND BUDDING. 



IN the method of multiplying the trees of one variety 

 without change of character, so well known as grafting, 

 z. e., uniting a scion, or producing shoot, of one plant to 



