CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES. TRAINING. 35 



For vertical cordon training a young tree with a centre 

 and two side branches is chosen, the centre branch is 

 trained straight upright on the wall, and the side branches 

 are trained horizontally, and their side branches again 

 vertically, in parallel lines with the main stem. The 

 pruning and management is like that of pyramidal 

 trained trees, and the save of room will be found to be 

 great. The vertical branches from the side branches 

 may be trained eight inches from each other, as they are 

 not to be allowed to branch at the sides. 



The diagonal cordon training is best for peaches, but 

 the vertical cordon system does well for pears, cherries 

 on the Mahaleb stock, plums and apples on the paradise 

 stock. 



Cordon training on table trellises set on a slope, and 

 covered with glazed frames, while the trees are in flower, 

 and while the fruit swells, does well for apricots, peaches, 

 and nectarines, and the necessary apparatus for such 

 frames is less costly than the orchard-house, and much 

 more portable. The radiation of heat from the earth 

 makes the fruit very fine, and the same plan produces 

 pears in great perfection. The lights should be taken off 

 in July, and the fruit from that time left exposed to 

 sun and air. In cold localities the frames may be left 

 on a month later. 



Pears on the quince stock sometimes will not flourish 

 on warm, shallow soils with chalk or gravel beneath. 

 Pyramids on pear stocks will make better trees for such 

 localities. A young grafted tree should be taken in 

 hand, and treated and trained as the pyramid on the 

 quince stock, mentioned some pages back. 



Eoot-pruning is had recourse to for the purpose of 

 checking the over-luxuriance of trees, and thus not only 

 keeping them to a manageable size, but creating pro- 

 ductiveness by checking a too luxuriant growth. 



Abundance of sap, and its free, unimpeded circulation, 

 tends to the growth of leaf-buds, and consequently to 

 a vigorous increase of branches, whereas impeding the 

 circulation of the sap causes fruit-buds to form in place 

 of the more exuberant leaf-buds. I have known a 



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