98 KEMP'S ORE DEPOSITS. 



tapped gently. It may also be dissolved away so as to leave a. 

 siliceous cast or skeleton of the spherule. Dr. Smyth thus makes a 

 strong argument that the ores in such cases are concretionary, and 

 that they were formed in shallow waters around the nuclei of sand. 

 But he also admits, as others quoted above have indicated, that the 

 replacement of bryozoa and the weathering of ferruginous lime- 

 stone have in many localities played their part. The iron ore is in 

 the latter case a residual product, but now the mine waters are de- 

 positing calcium carbonate rather than removing it. 1 



2.02.09. Glenmore Estate, Greeribrier County, West Virginia. A 

 bed of red hematite in Oriskany sandstones. Limonites are abundant 

 in the Oriskany of Virginia, and the hematite may have been de- 

 rived from such 2 or vice versa. 



2.02.10. Mansfield Ores, Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Three 

 beds of ore are found in the strata of the Chemung stage of Tioga 

 County, Pennsylvania. They are known as the (1) Upper or Spi- 

 rifer Bed, (2) the Middle or Fish Bed, and (3) the Lower Ore Bed. 

 No. 1 is full of shells and is about 200 feet below the Catskill red 

 sandstones, and at Mansfield is two to three feet thick. No. 2 is 

 oolitic, resembles the Clinton ore, and affords fish remains. It lies 

 about 200 feet befow No. 1 and varies up to six or seven feet thick. 

 No. 3 is 100 to 200 feet lower, and contains small quartz pebbles. 3 

 The ore is not rich, and but little has been mined. It is a brown- 

 ish red hematite. 4 



2.02.11. Beds of red hematite are reported by Schmidt in the 

 Lower Carboniferous of western central Missouri. 5 



1 A. F. Foerste, "Clinton Group Fossils, with Special Reference to 

 Collections from Indiana, Tennessee, and Georgia," Amer. Jour. Sci., iii., 

 XL. 252. (Abstract; original not cited.) "Clinton Oolitic I on Ores," Amer. 

 Jour. Sci,, iii., XLI. 28. Rec. " Notes on Clinton Group Fossils, with Spe- 

 cial Reference to Collections from Maryland, Tennessee, and Georgia, "Proc. 

 Post. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXIV. 263. J. P. Lesley, Iron Manufacturers' 

 Guide, p. 611. J.S.Newberry, "Genesis of the Ores of Iron," School of Alines 

 Quarterly, November, 1880, p. 13. Rec. H. D. Rogers, Geol. of Penn., 

 Vol. n., p. 127. N. S. Shaler, Geol. o/Jfy., Vol. III., p. 163. C. H. Smyth, 

 Jr., " On the Clinton Iron Ore," Amer. Jour. Sci., June, 1892, p. 487. Rec. 



2 W. N. Page, "The Glenmore Iron Estate, Greenbrier County, West 

 Virginia," M. E., XVII. 115. 



3 A. S. McCreath, Rep. MM, Second Penn. Survey, p. 231. 



4 J. P. Lesley, Geol. of Penn., 1888, Vol. I., p. 311. A. Sherwood, Rep. 

 G, Second Penn. Survey, pp. 33, 37, 41, 42, 67. A. S. McCreath, Rep. MM, 

 Second Penn. Survey, p. 251. 



5 A. Schmidt, " Iron Ores and Coal Fields," Missouri Geol. Survey, 

 1872, p. 169. 



