CHAPTER VII. 



ZINC ALONE, OR WITH METALS OTHER THAN LEAD. 



2.07.01. Zinc ores commonly occur in association with lead,-but 

 there are one or two exceptional deposits in this country which are 

 without lead and which have no parallel in other parts of the world. 

 The minerals containing zinc at Franklin Furnace and Ogdens- 

 burg, N. J., are known elsewhere only as rarities, although they 

 are found in vast amounts in New Jersey. 1 



ZINC SERIES. 



Zn. S. Fe. SiO a . Mn. 



Sphalerite (commonly called blend*-) ZnS 67 33 



Zincite, ZnO 80.3 



Franklinite,(Fe.Zn.Mn)O,(Fe.Mn) 8 O, (variable) 5.54 51.8 7.5 



Willemite, 2ZnO.S,O 2 58.5 27.1 



Calamine, 2ZnO.SiO 2 ,H 2 O 54.2 25.0 



Smithsonite, ZnOCO 2 51.9 



2.07.02. Example 27. Saucon Valley, Pennsylvania. Zinc- 

 blende and its oxidation products, calamine and smithsonite, fill- 

 ing innumerable cracks and fissures in a disturbed, magnesian lime- 

 stone, thought to belong to the Chazy stage. The ore bodies 

 occur in the Saucon Valley near the town of Friedensville, about 

 four miles south of Bethlehem. The limestone is inclosed between 

 two northerly spurs of the South Mountain, and has apparently 

 been tilted and shattered by the upheaval of the latter. The 

 shattering and disturbances decrease as the South Mountain is left 

 and the dip decreases. There are three principal mines, the 

 Ueberroth, the Hartman, and the Saucon, the first named being in 

 the portion which is tilted nearly to a vertical dip and is much dis- 

 turbed, while the next is where the dip has gradually decreased to 

 35. The mines are on a belt some three quarters of a mile long. 

 At the Ueberroth an enormous quantity of calamine was found on 



1 F. L. Clerc, ''Zinc in the United States," Mineral Resources, 1882, 

 p. 358. 



