THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 239 



2.12.02. Good descriptions of the ore deposits of Washington 

 are greatly needed. The First Annual Report of the State Geolo- 

 gist has little of scientific value, and the other accounts are ancient 

 history. There are gold placers in Yakima, Stevens, and Kittitas 

 counties, largely worked by Chinese. But in Okanogaii and Ste- 

 vens counties, in the northeast, the developments of deep mining 

 for silver ores, although recent, are considerable. The veins are 

 largely in metamorphic rocks and contain the usual sulphides in 

 quartz gangue. 1 



OREGON. 



2.12.03. Geology. Northeastern and northern central Oregon 

 are formed by a prolongation southward of the igneous plateaus 

 of Washington. Slates and granite appear in Baker County on 

 the east, in the Blue Mountains, and the geology seems to resem- 

 ble the Sierras. All southeastern Oregon belongs in the Great 

 Basin, which comes north from Nevada, but is better watered 

 than the southern portion. It is traversed by several subordinate 

 ranges of the block-tilted basin type. Of these the Stein Moun- 

 tains are the most prominent. The general surface is formed by 

 Quaternary lake deposits and great outbreaks of igneous rocks. 

 West of the basin and the plateau the Cascade range traverses the 

 State, and is cut by the Columbia River on the north and the Kla- 

 math on the south. The range consists of granite and metamor- 

 phic rocks, etc., the latter chiefly Mesozoic. In northern Oregon 

 a broad valley intervenes between the Cascade and the Coast 

 ranges, but in the southern part the two ranges run together, and 

 their distinction has been only partly worked out. (See Bull. 33, 



U. S. Geol. Survey.) In the Coast range Cretaceous and Tertiary 

 strata predominate. 2 



any of the Northern Pacific Railroad," Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., III., 1884, 

 p. 253. C. A. White, "Puget Group of Washington," Amer. Jour. Sci.y. 

 Hi., XXXVI. 443. B. Willis, " Our Grandest Mountain and Deepest For- 

 est," School of Mines Quarterly, VIII. 152. "Report on the Coal Fields 

 of Washington Territory," Tenth Census, Vol. XV., p. 759. " Changes of 

 River Courses in Washington Territory due to Glaciation," Bull. 40, U. S~ 

 Geol. Survey. 



1 G. A. Bethune, First Ann. Rep. State Geol , 1891. C. B. Fenner y 

 " The Monte Cristo District, Snohomish County," School of Mines Quar- 

 terly, November, 1892. " The Mines of Kittitas County," Engineering 

 and Mining Journal, Dec. 24, 1892, p. 608. 



3 G. F. Becker, Tenth Census, Vol. XIII., p. 27. T. Condon,. " On 



