1839.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



105 



cataslioplie, which formed at once the climax of \\h achipveinents, and the 

 termination of his brilliant career. 



In Older to give character, as well as to provide for an nnnsnally bold pro- 

 jeclure, the Gallery above is supported on Cannons, in lieu of the nsnal ar- 

 chitectural consoles : and the intervals in the soflile are enriched with bombs 

 and grenades. The railing of the gallery is composed of decorations and em- 

 blems, having reference to the occasion, so as to combine ornament with 

 characleristic expression. 



The upper <'ompartment of the monument is distinguished by its circular 

 form, and is more completely charged with decoration, illustrative of the honors 

 which Nelsou had achieved. The four large wreaths, embracing the entire 

 circuit of the pedestal, contain respectively the Naval Crown, the Viscount's 

 Coronet, the IMural Crown, and the Ducal Coronet. I'Vom these wreaths 

 are suspended the decorations of the four " Orders" to which he belonged. 



The frieze of this pedestal is entirely occupied by the heraldic motto, 

 which ha])iiens to be peculiarly appropriate to the occasion. The ornaments 

 surmounting the cornice, which are analogous in form and application to the 

 Grecian antefixa, are composed of escallop shells, and the cupola is to be 

 of copper gilt. 



The Statue of Nelson crowns the whole, and is to be executed in bronze, 

 about sixteen feet in height, and the entire height of the structure and statue 

 will be 120 feet from the area of the square — viz : eleven feet more than the 

 Column of the Duke of York. 



The monument, with all its decorations and .iccessories, to be completed in 

 the most perfect style for the sum i;/' tii-fnti/-firc thoiistiml poiiiitls. This we 

 are ready to undertake, an3 to give security for the accomplishment. Having 

 taken the pains to arrive at the conclusion upon which this boiui fide oifer is 

 grounded with all the responsibility it envolves, it is hoped that due precau- 

 tions will be observed in testing the accuracy of the estimates generallj', so as 

 to avoid the delusion that too commonly occurs, which besides misleading the 

 promoters of the undertaking inflicts an injustice in those who are more careful 

 and scrupulous in their proposals. 



RESTORATIONS OF ANCIENT MONUMENTS OF ROME, &c. 



EXECUTED BY THE PENSIONARY AUCHITECTS OP THE ROVAI. ACADEMY OF 



FRANCE. 



{Extract from a Paper spnt hy M. Vaudoyer, of Paria, Architect, to T, Dintnhhon 

 Esq., Architect ; read Iteforc the Hoyal Institute of British Architects.) 



Nos. Monuments. Architects. 



1. Temple of Modesty— Biibut, 



2. Temple of Vesta - - Cous.sin 



3. Mars LUlor - - Gasse. 



4. Tower of Metelhis • Gramljean. 

 Autouiuus&FanstiuaMLuayer: 

 Arch of Titus - - . Giit-uepiu. 



Prcenesle Huyot. 



Pantheon - . . - . Leclerc. 

 Temple of Peace - Gauthier. 

 .ItiijiterTonuns - - - Provost. 



1 1 . Juititer Slator - - . Suy-s. 



12- Temple of the Sybil -\'au Cleempntte. 



J:i. Aecpiii Giiilia - - - Garuaud. 



14. Forum Pompeii - - Callet. 



15. BiwiliL-a of Appian—Lesueur. 

 Hi. Basilica of Antoni- 

 nus Villain. 



17. The Baths of Cara- 



calla Blouet. 



Temple at Ostia - ■ Gilbert. 



6. 

 7. 

 8. 

 9. 

 10. 



18. 



Nos. Monuments. Architects, 



19. Portico of Octavia - Dubau. 



20. Temples of Ptf!stum--Labrou.ste, jnn. 



21. Coliseum Due. 



22. Temple of Venus and 



Home ------- Vaudoyer, jiui. 



Q.S. Temple of Cora - - Labrouste, sen. 

 2-4. Isle of Esculapius - Delauuoy. 



25. Port of Trajan at 



Ostia Gan-ez. 



26. Forum of Trajan Morey. 



27. Roman Forum - - - Leveil. 



28. Theatre of Pompev-Baltard, juii. 



29. Theatre of MaV- 



cellus Vauiloyer, sen. 



30. Column of Trajau - Percier. 

 31.* Baths of Diocletian-- Laiidon . 

 32.* Circus of Caracalla-Destouches. 

 33.* Temple of Serapis - CarLstie. 

 34.* Temple of Concord-Constant. 



* In hand, but not yet Ihiislied. 



These 34 restorations, with from 8 to 10 drawings each, forming in all more 

 than 300, are sketched upon canvas, and richly bound, each set in a distinct 

 volume of the same .shape and size, 3 feet 3 inches English in height. Tliey 

 are also accompanied by a very curious and erudite historical memoir. 



This work is not a production of tlie imagination, but is ba.sed for the most 

 part upon positive materials, which up to the present time have never yet been 

 examined and studied with so much judgment and perseverance, and is the 

 faithful record of invaluable monuments, which are daily perishing, and of 

 which many will be lost to posterity— and will one day form a work of the 

 greatest interest, not only with regard to architecture, but to the history of 

 archeology and the fine arts in general. 



The Minister of the Interior propo.ses to publish theiu fur the use of French 

 artists, and for circtilation in foreign countries. 



Vtutdators 'of the Kew Court, Old Baihy. — Mr. Perkins has Ciiused giibterraneous 

 cluimbers of a capacious size to be formed, in ^^hicli are placed eniln of hot water 

 p;pe>:, and others containing cold air, which are so arranged that by turning a valve, 

 tlic warnu-d fresh air \* admitted through apertures made in the Hoor and m alnscoting 

 of the court — so that a comfortable temperature may be preserved, whether the court 

 be more i)i' less crowded. 'I'lie foul air, which naturally generates in a i-vowded court, 

 is drawn oir by a shaft under the inisouer's dock, as well as fvum the gallery and 

 eeiliug, which, communicating with large curves on the roof, the ibul air makes a 

 thorough exit, and fresh air, cither warm or cold, can be supplied in suili ipiaiititios as 

 necessity may require. Great credit is coIu^edell to Mr. I'eikius fiu- his excellent 

 ciiutrivance, and theimprovement which he effected upon llie auliijue method of ven- 

 lilatiug the courts by i'au\a» b.igs, and warming them widi bjaKiers tilled with ehareiial. 

 There is one matter connected with this coutrivame which ought not to lie over- 

 b.oked. The lu-isouers for trial on each day were placed in dauip and iinwholesouie 

 cells, where they were kept shivering with cold in the winter months, A genial 

 Har-jnth now pervades their gloomy recesses, so that for the time being their uuen- 

 viaWe jitualion is remlsiaiUess iutokrahle,— ;)/or«»y Aduertiser. 



REVIEWS. 



Ob.\en-aliovs on Lime, Culcoreoii.t Cement, Morlur.i, S/uccns, and 

 Concrete : and on Puxzolunas, Natural and Artijicial ; together 

 iiil/i Rules deduced from numerous Enpen'meiils for making an 

 Artijiciai Water Cement, &;c. By C. W. Pasiev, C.B., Colonel 

 in tile Corps of Royal Engineers, F.R.S., &c. London : .Tohn 

 Weale. 1838. 



{Second Notice.) 



We now take tlie opportunity of again referring to Colonel Pasley'3 

 work, less (or any purposes of criticism than to aftord our readers an 

 opporttinity to judge of the correctness of tlie views which we adopted, 

 in recommending it as a highly practical work. In the first extract, 

 of which we shall avail ourselves, the Colonel very properly .stippoits 

 the necessity of specifying the proportions of lime to be used for making 

 moj tar by weight, and not, as^is generally the case, by measure. 



Forthispurpo.se I beg to suggest, that whenever the common mode of 

 measuring lime in lumps from the kiln has been intended and used, this shall 

 be particularly specified, and that the average weight per cubic foot of the 

 lime in this state, estimated, however, not from the contents of a single cubic 

 foot measure, but from that of some larger measure, which need not except 

 10, and should not be less than •'J cubic feet shall also be recorded.* In fact, 

 supposing it required to mix 3 measures of sand with 1 measure of Hailing 

 lime, it would afford much greater accuracy and uniformity in the quality of 

 the mortar, to direct 3 cubic feet of sand to be mi.xed with 371bs. of quick 

 lime fresh from the kiln, or as a 10 feet measure is most convenient, let it be 

 stilted that the mortar shall be made in the proportion of 10 cubic feet of sand 

 to about 1241bs. of lime, which is nearly equivalent to the former; and the 

 mode of measuring the lime from the kiln should also be described or speci- 

 fied, because, although it may be presumed that fair and full level measure is 

 intended or has been u.sed, it is best to leave nothing doubtful. 



When the lime from the kiln is directed to be ground to a fine powder, it is 

 still more essential to define the mode in which it is to be or has been mea- 

 sured, whether liglitly, or after temporary compression only, or under actual 

 compression. 



In respect to sand, the custom is to serve it in by stricken measure, in 

 whatever state it may be at the period of sale, which may vary between more 

 or less dry or wet, according to circumstances, known to the persons who use 

 it, but not to others unless explained, amongst which circumstances the state 

 of the weather has its influence ; for sand is not kept under cover, but laid 

 out in masses in the open air. Hence, in order that we may have any precise 

 knowledge of the re.al proportion which the sand bears to the lime, in the 

 mortar of any work of importance, the person who describes such mortar 

 ought to specifyl particularly the state in whicli the .sand was measured, 

 wliether absolutely dry, or damp, or wet ; because the actual quantity of sand 

 obtained by the same measure in these three states, varies considerably be- 

 tween the second, which is the minimum, and the latter, which is the maximum 

 of quantity. But the sand used for building in this countrj' is scarcely ever 

 in either of these two extremes of perfectly dry or wet. It generally varies 

 only between more or less damp, and probably the difference in real quantity, 

 between equal measures of it in those two states, does not exceed one-tenth in 

 the practice of building at any one place. To describe accurately the .state 

 in which it has genenally been used for the mortar of any important work, 

 the author should specify not only the mean space occupied by it in that state, 

 but also the spaces which the same quantity of the same sand is capable of 

 occupying wjien perfectly dry, and when thoroughly wet, stating also its 

 weight per cubic foot when psrfectly dry, there being 110 certainty as to the 

 weight of .sand in any other state. Moreover to enable a person, who does 

 not know the sort of sand obtained from a particular locality, to understand 

 the nature of it, the size of the particKs shoidd be described in the way tn.^t 

 has been done by M. Vicat, by stating the diameter of the smallest and of the 

 largest grains composing it, tne latter of which may be sufficiently defined by 

 describing the sort of screen through which even very fine sand is almost 

 always sifted, to exclude pieces of wood or other extraneous substances gene- 

 rally found in it. When sand and gravel are to be mixed together, in any given 

 proportion, the size of both should also be described in the same manner ; and 

 even in using some natural mixture of these ingredients, such as Thames 

 ballast, in the mortar of any important work, it is desirable that it should be 

 defined in the satne manner, for the use not only of foreigners, but of our own 

 countrymen, in those parts of the United Kingdom where it is not used, 

 although those who .are accustomed to the daily use of it will of course need 

 no such de.scription. 



" Whilst investigating the subject of measures and weights, I found by repealed 

 trials that a lO-cubie-fect measure made of two reetangular wooden cases:, open at top 

 and bottom, and eaeli measurin;; 2 feet by 'i\ feet square in the clear and I foot high, 

 either to be used separately iw 2 flve-cubie-feet measures, or jointly hy placing one 

 upon the other, was a move convenient arrangement for the measurement oi dry mate- 

 rials, as well as for ealeulation, than the cubic .vard measure in eommoii use, which is 

 also usually made in two part:-, each composed of a similar ease 3 feet square in the 

 clear and 18 inches high. In small buildings, where only fow masons or tjriek]a\ers 

 are employed, the half of the lO-eubic-fect measure maybe the most convenient, as 

 small quantities of mortar only are reiiuired to be mixed at a time. But to use a 

 smaller measure than this woiild not atVord a satisfactory estimate of average quau- 

 tit> . because the eu!)ie foot of liure in lumps, measured singly in a oue-cubie-loot niea- 

 sui-e is not equal to one-tenth part of the contents of a ten-cubic-J'eet measure 

 uot tu 01^-tiXth pari of the cuatuat^ of a. live-cubic-feet a>ea»ure. 



