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THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



291 



achievements are among tlie most renowned of the only nation upon eartli 

 that has claimed and maintaincil the wide dominion of the seas. 



The extreme elevation of the monument « oiild he 8t t'cct, and. as materials, 

 I propose granite and bronze, as being best ailaptod to withstand the de- 

 teriorating en'ects of this climate. The stattie of Nelson, and the graduated 

 shaft upon which it is placed, together with the subordinate ligures, and the 

 rest of the effective part of the monimient in which tlie story is told, would 

 consist of metal ; and the massive base I propose to construct of granite. 



The projected height of the statue of Nelson is 19 feet, that of the figure 

 of Britaimla 20 feet, and that of the Sailor of the like dimensions. Britannia 

 is represented as resting with her left hand on the anchor, her hope, glory, 

 and strength, and with her right hand she points at once to Nelson, and the 

 first word of his ever -memorable signal, " Kngland twpccts [every man to do 

 his duty," which appears inscribed round tlie column. 



Behinil Britannia and above her head waves triumphantly the British Flag, 

 grasped by the sailor, in the rear of the monument. This figure of a seaman 

 stripped for action, represents the unshrinking front and unquailing heart, 

 with which England has ever met her enemies. The top of the column is 

 enriched by a chaplet of laurel, and on the pannels of the base are inscribed 

 Nelson's three grand victories, — Nile — Coi^nhagen — Trafalgar. The four 

 lions would be of granite, the same material as the base, and the whole en- 

 circled by a chain cable supported by globes of granite. 



Tlie estimate of the monument is calculated according to the proposed sum, 

 30,000/. 



In this design, it has been as mucli as possible my wish to avoid remote 

 allegorical allusion, by adhering to an alphabet of symbols, so familiar as to 

 be legible to the plainest understanding, and to impart to the whole a naval 

 and a British character. It lias also been my study to observe someH bat of 

 a pyramidal form, as best calculated to lead tlie eye upwards to the hero of 

 the story. 



Model No. G2, James Hakexrill. — Before attempting to design a Nelson 

 memorial adapted to the locahty of Trafalgar-square, 1 have asked myself, 

 and others upon whose judgment I placed reliance, the following questions, 

 which, \vith the raphes, I subjoin. 



Must it not be desirable that the National Gallery be as little inaskcd as 

 possible? — Undoubtedly. 



What form of monument would best enstire that object P — A column. 



As there are several points of view from which the monument would be 

 seen, what form will give, on so many angles, the best outline? — A column : 

 its contour being always the same from whatever point it is viewed. 



Is it correct in principle or feeling that the statue of a subject be placed 

 looking down upon royally, as the statue of Nelson would be, if placed on 

 tlie summit of the column immediately over that of Charles the First ? — Cer- 

 tainly not. 



M'ould it not be better, then, to place the statue of the hero on the base of 

 (he column, following out the example of Sir Christopher Wren ? — I think 

 so ; for that altitude would allow the interesting contemplation of the features 

 an person of the hero, and retufer a .seroiittari/ .^latae uitiwcessary. The height 

 would preserve it from accidental injury, and the projection of the cornice 

 protect it from the weather. 



Of what material would you recommend its construction? — Of stone; for 

 of the tens of thousands of bronze statues which embellished ancient Greece 

 and Italy, AccinExi alone has preserved to our time scarcely half a dozen. 

 The statues which adorned the summits of the columns of Antonine and Tra- 

 jan, axe probably now circulating among the populace of Home, under the 

 degrading lorm of Roman baiocchi ; we know that that of Henry the Fourth 

 from the Pont Neuf, transformed into pieces of two sous and stamped with 

 the emblems of revolution.iry France, forms the common medium of traffic 

 of the Parisian vulgar. No memnrial intended to convey information to pos- 

 terity, should be formed of a valuable and convertible material; — and, with 

 such examples before him, who will be bold enough to say the Pitts and the 

 Foxes, the Wellingtons and Nelsons, of our time, will arrest what seems to 

 be the course of nature. 



Upon this basis 1 have formed my design. 



" Si quseris descriptioneni, aspice." 



Model No. 7, and Designs Nos. 73 & 74, John Go/tUcn/t, F. R. I. B. A. — 

 Addison, in Ids work upon medals, produces one of Britannia seated on a 

 winged globe, holding in her right hand a Roman standard, (s. p. a. r.) This 

 medal was struck in lionoiu- of Antoninus Pius, who exteudeil the boundaries 

 of the Roman province in Britain. 



There is also in Addison's work a medal of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, 

 successor to A. Pius, representing Italia seated on a celestial globe ; for it 

 exhibits a section of the zotUac, and is studded with stars, probably struck in 

 honour of the Quadi, Parthians, &c. 



Allegorical figiu-es standing on spheres, or holding a ball in the palm of 

 the hand, are of the most ancient date ; perhaps the medal Eternitas stnick 

 by Ant. Pius, is one of the finest : it represents a matron holding in her right 

 hand a globe snrmounted by a bird having a radiating crest. 



From the Romans having placed Britannia and ItaUa reposing on spheres, 

 there is classical authority for choosing Such a basis for a statue of Nelson, 

 the hero of an hundred battles. 



The sphere, w hicli is posited so as to bring Bnfain on its zenith, is 30 feet 

 diameter; the statue of Nelson 13 feet high ; the entire base 25 feet. From 

 the base line to the crown uf Nelson's head the whole is about 70 feet. This 

 altitude will be in accordance with the ;aijaccnt buildings, and espoci.ally the 

 National Gallery, which measures 50 feet from the base line to the apex of 

 the pediment, i'he diameter of the monument across the bastions which 

 support the allegorical ligures measures 40 feet. 



An elevation such as this possesses the advantage of bringing the colossal 

 figures fully into view to the public eye, and every feature can be traced. 



Moreover, upon a sphere the figure is thrown nut in a manner not Oi Ic 

 achievi-d w ere it placed upon a column, in which, from the continuity of tbe 

 shalt. and the figure terminating that continuity, there is less of atlraciicn 

 and imposing grandeur than in a massive globe, a geometrical figure charac- 

 teristic of stability and strength; and therefore, in every respect, if we may 

 be governed by the taste of the Anionini. indicative of victory and peace, 

 and ol the power of that country whose '• Hag for a thousand years lias 

 braved the battle find the breeze." From the National Gallery to the statue 

 of King Charles, the ground slopes about IG fi'ct. It is proposed to lowir 

 this ground from the National Gallery, to such a level as would give per- 

 spective elevation to that building, the Church of St. Martin, and the Colle"'o 

 of Physicians. This w ould be accomplished by a terrace on tlie south side" f 

 the roail skirting the front of the National Gallery, ami which woulil be 

 carried partially along the east and west Hanks of the scjuare soutlin ards. 

 The (juadrangle thus levelled would confer perspective elevation also on lie 

 monument, and be better adapted to its adjuncts and accessories. The liate 

 on w hich the sphere rests is sumiounted by allegorical figures. F'ame, Nep- 

 tune, Victory, and Britannia, occupy the east, north, west, and south points 

 of the base ; on the lower section of which tablets appear in these cardinal 

 points inscribed with the words Nile, Copenhagen, Trafalgar, and " F.nglamJ 

 expects every man to do his duty." Thus, beneath Fame, to the east, thu 

 Nile ; beneath Neptune, to the north. Copenhagen ; under Victory, to the 

 west, Trafalgar ; and Britannia, after the medal or national coin, sits over 

 the last words of the hero. Beneath these entablatures the masonry of the 

 base indicatesstability. ami allows the eye to rise gradually, first to the alle- 

 gorical figures, in the midst of Hhicli the sphere rests in its own simple 

 grandeur, leaving the colossal figure of the hero disengaged and entire. A 

 circular area extends 60 feet from the ba,se, which, being paved and sur- 

 rounded by a ballustrade, may serve the purpose of private promenade (a 

 view the monument, or be made a permanent sheet of water which the ad- 

 jacent mains may supply. This water would be in character with the pro- 

 fession of Nelson and of his country, giving besides to Trafalgar Square, a 

 great degi'ee of municipal comfort ; for whether we view this water as nn 

 ornament, or physical agent conferring salubrity on the atmosphere of a city, 

 there can be but one opinion respecting its adaptation to the design it sur- 

 rounds It is proposed to construct the sphere of polished granite or bronze, 

 and the whole to be polished to resist the effects of smoke and atmosphere; 

 and that access be had to the interior of the monument, where a chamber 

 and other depositories should be constructed, to contain the busts of illus- 

 trious persons distinguished by acts of valour, and w here thousands w lu) 

 visit this great metropolis may be atlmitted to inspect the same, — drawn to 

 the object by the display of a building of massive grandeur, unique in charac- 

 ter, and interesting in etfect. 



Model No. 13, M. L. Watson. — The design is an oblong pedestal support- 

 ing a statue of Nelson, and siu-rounded at the base by allegorical groups i f 

 figures. The first group represents a nymph rising from the ocean at the 

 command of Neptune, with a wreath of laiu'cl, whilst Britannia directs the 

 attention to theiiero for whom it is destined. On either side are the victories 

 of the Nile and Copenhagen. The fourth gi'oup is desigiictl for the victoiy 

 of Trafalgar, with peace and power. The whole subject is raised on a plat- 

 form, on the foiu' angles of which are placeil the cUtferent oceans in which 

 Nelson distinguished himself. Throughout the composition I have endea- 

 voured to convey boldness, energy and grandeur, anil to impress on the mind 

 the stirring character of the British navy. My original sketch for tliis design, 

 will be found among the water-colour drawings, unaltered since the first 

 competition. 



The architectural parts of the design are proposed to be executed ia granite, 

 the scidpture in bronze. Height 120 feet; width 64 feet. 



Model No. 17, Frederick Claudius J. Parkinson. — The height of the obe- 

 lisk, with pedestal and substructure to the surface of the ground, to be 145 

 feet. — The extreme length of the monument, 120 feet. The height of Nel- 

 son to be 12 feet, and the other figures in proiiortion, as shewn in the model. 

 On one side of Nelson stands Britannia ; on the other, Victoiy. In the senii- 

 circidar recesses are deposited the arms of the subdued nations, in comme- 

 moration of the victoiies achieved ; the captives being guarded by the British 

 hon. — On the opposite front of the monmuent, is placed a sarcophagus, with 

 angels protecting the tomb of Nelson ; above the sarcophagus are aflrxed the 

 arms and mantle of the hero. — The sides rejn-esent the prows of sliiiis, with 

 various other nautical emblems. — The ohehsk is surmounted by the shield of 

 Britannia and the British ensigns. — Various other emblematical figures and 

 trophies are shown in the model. 

 The sculpture executed in bronze, will amount to the sum of 1(1,000 

 Tlic monument, composed of the best granite, will cost . 12,600 



£28,600 



Model No. 19, William Groves. — In the nulely embodied idea, bearing my 

 name, I have endeavoured to place before the noblemen and gentlemen of the 

 committee, a composition which should appear at once triumphal and iiioiiu- 

 mcntal, and therefore presenting the chai'acter which an Eiiglibhman attri- 

 butes to a sacred edifice — while, from its simplicity of outline it should not 

 clash with the surrounding biuldings. 



The monument is surmounted by a group representing Strength rearing, 

 and Wisdom and Justice supporting the Admiral's (lag. Immediately benealli 

 at the angles are the four winds, Zephyius, Notus, Apeliotcs and Boreas, 

 Willi their rcsiieclivc attributes, publishing lo ihe four ijuarlers of ihc globe, 

 tbe ulory of the hero, who stands on an elevati'd pedestal benealli, in front. 

 On his right is Britannia, who has just embossed the name of her favourite 

 on her shield, thus converting it into a /F.gis for future war. On his left is 



