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THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[AUGVST, 



llip winpli'ss vli'lury ot llu^ Ailioiiiaii . \iliicli I liave seleck'il as llii' nidsl 

 applicable lu the luTd, « liuin she never i|uitlc<l. — At the hack in the centre. 

 IS coiunierce seatcil, her rij^hl hmd resting un a trident, lier left iin asiiliere, 

 (indicative nf her iiilliicnce (p\er sea anil land.) and her loutmi a rudder. On 

 one side of her is the genius (if tlie Tcirriil Zune. and un tlie i.tlur llie geiiins 

 of the Temperate Zone, snrruuniled hy ilie emhlems of coninieree, and lie- 

 positing the piodiiee of tlieir repeetive climes at her feet. On tlio pedestals 

 at the sides, 1 propose putting the hero's arms, and above them inscribing the 

 names of the oftieers, his I'ompanions in victory. In the front and tH o side 

 panels in the base, are reliefs commemorative of his great victories. Copen- 

 hagen. — Nepture ordering the British Klag to be reared in triumph on the 

 ocean. 77(e A'lVc— On the left the Nile; behind, the genius of Alexandria 

 advancing with extended arms to welcome Biitannia, who, .accompanied by 

 the lion, is standing on the broken and prostrate eagle of France. Triifalgar. 

 — A ssrcophagus bearing the hero's name ; the genius of death about to de- 

 posit thereon a wreath of laurels ; a weeping warrior is seated at the base of 

 the sarcophagus, and at the sides are llie (lags of i''rance and .Spain. In the 

 back panel v\ oidd be particulars of the eri'clion of the moniunent. On (he 

 four projecting portions of the base, four lions. The figures to be 13 feet 

 liigh, and executed in bronze ; the building m gi-anitc, and the total height 

 of the monument from the ground line to the top of the Hag staff to be VJi) 

 feet. The whole cost would be 30,000/. 



Model No. 21, Charlen Fowler, Ardiilert, and R. IV. Sievier, Sculptor. — 

 The composition presented hy the accompaiiiiig model is intended to combine 

 arclntccttire with sculpture; in order to obtain a more striking elf'ect from 

 their union, than either is calculated to produce separately : the one by its 

 form and mass beiug calculated to arrest the attention anil make a general 

 unpressioii, which may be heightened and jicrfected by the more refined and 

 interesting details of the other. With respect to the first it may be observed, 

 as the result of existing instances, that a mere stntcture cannot properly 

 convey the fcehng, or produce the effect required in the erection of a monii'- 

 nient to commemorate any celebrated character or event ; whilst, ou the 

 other hand, a statue or group of sculptiu'e is ineffective for want of mass, 

 and distinctness of form and oiitUne : the former is ajipreciated only as a (Hs- 

 taiit object, and the latter on close inspection. The object therefore has 

 been to combine the advantages peciUiar to each art, so that the many who 

 pass along may be struck with the general aspect of the monument ; and the 

 few who may pause to examine its details, may find their first imjiressions 

 carried forward and perfected by the beauty and significance of its historical 

 illustrations. 



With respect to the design now submitted, the endeavotir has been to ren- 

 der it characteristic and ajipropriate ; avoiding plagiarism, liut without affect- 

 ing novelty. The rostrated angles of the iiedestals and the accompanying 

 decorations determine its character as a naval trophy ; whilst the basso re- 

 hevo and other parts of the scidptiuc plainly tell of the hero and his achieve- 

 ments. 



lu regard to the structure it will be seen that the basement is distinguished 

 by plainness and soliihty ; and it is ]iro|)oscd to lie formed entirely of granite 

 in very bold masses. The couchant lions on the angidar pedestals are to be 

 of the same material, hut of a dilferent colour. 



The colossal figiues seaterl against the four fronts of the pedestal rejiresent 

 Britannia, Caledonia, Hihcrnia, and Neptune ; Britannia accompanied by 

 couchant lions, and Ne|)tuiic reclining on a sea-horse, 2'.i feet in length ; 

 under which is the entrance to a winding stau'case, by which iiailies can have 

 access to the galleiy. 



The die of the pedestal contains on its south front an insciiption, briefly 

 recording the fame and achievements of Nelson; and on the north front a 

 few simple historical facts relating to him, and the erection of the monii- 

 juent. 



On one side is a medalUon containing the head of Nelson ; in order that 

 the lineaments of his countenance might be brought more distinctly within 

 view, the statue being so much elevated : and ou the other side arc his ar- 

 morial bearings. 



The central compartmeul of the elevation has the dado or lower part in- 

 scribed with the names and dates of bis four piincipal actions ; and in the 

 jianel over each is a representation in basso reUevo of some striking incident 

 in each battle : 



First. — Cape St. Vincent. When " on the quarter-deck of an enemy's 

 first-rate he received tlie swords of the officers, giving them inie by one to 

 William Fearney, one of his old Agamemnon's, w ho, with the utmost coolness, 

 ixit them under his aim." 



.Second. — At the Nile. "After his wound was dressed he was now left 

 alone, when suddenly a cry was heard on the deck that the Orient was on fire. 

 In the confusion he found his way up. unassisted and unnoticed ; and. to the 

 astonishment of every one. appeared on the quarter-deck, where be iminedi- 

 alily gave orders that boats should be sent to the relief of the enemy." 



Third. — Copenhagen. " A wafer vva.s given to him ; but he ordered a can- 

 dle to be brought lium the cockpit, and sealed the letter with wax, affixing a 

 larger seal tlian he ordinarily used. ' This,' said he, ' is no time to be hurried 

 and informal.' " 



Fourtli. — Trafalgar, '-liardy. who was a few steps frum him. turning 

 round, saw three men raising him up. — 'They have done Iin- me at last. 

 Hardy !' said he.—' I hope not !' crietl Hardy. — • Yes,' he replied ; ' my back- 

 bone is shot through.' " 



The latter occupies the front, and displays at once the clima.x of his 

 achi vcments, and the termination of his brilliant career. 



The galleiy above is stqqiortcd on caniioiis, in lieu of the usual architectural 

 consoles, and the intervals iu the sgllitii arc ciu'ivheil with bumbs auil greuailes 



instead of rosettes. The railing of the gallery is composed of decorations and 

 emblems having reference to the object of the nionmiient, thus combining 

 ornament with charaiteristic expression. 



The upjicr compart iiiciit changes into the circulai' form, and is more fully 

 charged with decoration illustrative of the honours which Nelson achieved. 

 The four large wreaths encircUng the pedestal contain respectively the naxal 

 ami mural crowns, the viscount's and ducal coronets ; beneath which are sus- 

 pended the decorations of the four orders confeiTed upon him by their 

 respective sovereigns. 



The frieze of this pedestal is entirely occupied by the heraldic motto, which 

 is peculiarly ex]iressive and apjiropriate. The ornaments surmoiiiitiug the 

 cornice, w Inch are analogous to the Grecian antefixa;, are composed of escallop 

 shells ; and the cupola is to be of copper gilt. 



The statue of Nelson crowns the whole, and is to be executed in bronze, 

 aliout 16 feet in height. The entire height of the monument, including the 

 statue, will be 128 feet from the area of the square, being 19 feet more than 

 the York column. 



The stnicture, with all its decorations and accessories, to be completed in 

 the most perfect style for the sum of 25,000/. ; and ample security will be 

 given for the due accompUshment of the undertaking for that amount. 



Model No. 2'J, Patric Park. — Allegory, and p.'uticularly the old allegory 

 of Neptune, Tritons, njmiphs and sea-horses, can only be used in comme- 

 morating a man, whose virtues are unknown, or iiroblem.atical. In a monu- 

 ment to a man like Nelson, such cauiint be tolerated. — The character of man, 

 is .ffaufjieil ou bis t'outitenance, and jirovcd by his form. — On this just princi- 

 ple, which is the vitality of true scul])ture. 1 have based this design. 1 illus- 

 trate, by form and expression, in single statues and groups, the ch.iractcristics 

 of Nelson, as thus : — his ardent youth — his hopeful contest in the West 

 Indies — his daring mauliood under Sir John Jervis — his heroic struggle at 

 the Nile — his ]iiety after that glorious victory — the ajiplaiise of the world — 

 his resolved character at Copenhagen — his death at Trafalgar — the sorrow of 

 his country. — These characteristics claim our veneration, and sculpture hails 

 with enthusiasm a character so congenial to her imre and subhme genius. — 

 The obeUsk is used as a sign post to attract attention to the sculpture. 



The height is 9j feet ; the statue of Nelson is Iti feet: the illuslrafive 

 statues are 11 feet; and the groups of the proportion of 7 feet. All the 

 sculpture to be executed in Ravaccione marble ; the obelisk, &c. in freestone ; 

 for 30,000/. 



Models No. 32 and 168, S. Manning, Sculptor. — A column representing 

 the British state, founded on a rock ; on one side of the base Nelson is re- 

 ceiving the trident from Neptune, accompanied liy other sea divinities; on 

 the other, he is dying in the lap of victory. The column is siu'mounted by a 

 figure of peace. 



Statue of Nelson 12 feet, monutnent 100 feet high. To be executed in 

 bronze, marble, and gi-anite, fiic. Probable estimate under 30,000/. 



Model No. 37, JJ'illiam Pitts. — Grandeur and simplicity have been the 

 objects of atlainineut in this model. As a colossal statue be is raised over- 

 looking the city which his judgment and valour have preserve*.!, and his 

 immortal memory is a glory to its prosperity. 



The statue of Nelson is proposed to be 30 feet, the pedestal and steps about 

 60 feet, the entire height of statue, pedestal, and steps, 90 feet. 'I'he statue, 

 lions, and subjects, in Ibe panels, to be executed in bronze, the pedestal and 

 steps in solid blocks of granite : to be completed in the best style of art, for 

 the sum of 30,000/. 



Model No. 38, J. G.Lomjh. — In the model I now have the honour of sub- 

 mitting to your inspection, my great aim has been to render it perfectly simple, 

 and at the same tune purely Nelsonic; with this view the four subordinate 

 figiues I have kept four feet smaller than the statue of Nelson, and liave so 

 interwoven them with Ibe form of the pedestal, that is to say, adapted them 

 to the curve of the jicdcstal, that the eye is earned to Nelson at once. I 

 trust you will find that in this design architecture and scidptm'c are cotn- 

 jilctely blended, an ert'cct which could never be iirodiieed by a nnmlier of - 

 scattered figures ; and in the mouinuents we have liauded down to us of the 

 best ages of the Kgyptians and Greeks, we universally find this point has 

 been strictly attended to. 



I propose th.at the monument should stand 40 feet lugli. the pedestal to 

 the base on which Nelson stands being '24 feel, and Nelson 16feet, whom 

 1 have represented in a boat cloak, holding a lelescojie, as emblematic of his 

 constant vigilance. I have chosen the above-mentioned height as one at 

 which the features of Nelson may be clearly recognized, and .also as being 

 pecidiarly adapted to the intended site. The four lower giircs are intended 

 to be 12 feet in length, raised 6' feet from the ground ; they are meant to 

 represent sailors — and 1 have ado[ited Ibe costume at the moment of action, 

 it being more sculptural. My idea of a monument being to make it n.'itional 

 and intelligible to all classes. 1 have studiously avoided allegory; 1 have 

 introduced such attributes as 1 thought would not interfere with tlic general 

 outline. The twd sailors in iViml are holding Hags, siipimsed to have been 

 taken in baltle; the pensive one to the right holding that of Trafalgar, and 

 Ibe one on ihe left that of the Nile, 'f he bassi reliev i on (be pedestal are 

 intended to be cut in intaglio in the granite in the Kgyptian manner, as my 

 great object has been to produce a great who'c and to preserve the general 

 outline. The whole to be built of granite, except the five figures, which, with 

 tlieir attnbutes, w ould be ih bronze — materials which would last as long as 

 time; and with a view to its duration I Iiave carefully avoided all paltry 

 oniaiueut and trilling mouldings ; 1 have alsoabstained from the inlrodiicliou 



uf Jliiiil— a tiling alW'ij's giiaitleil agaiiist by llic augicuts, as a Yiulaliun vl' tlis 



