296 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[August, 



Tlif teni|>k' is ilividi'cl liy (irnainontnl (lilasliTS into f(i\ir ciimpai-lments : llic 

 one towards the sonlh beiiii; left o(ipn, aflortls an ample view (if the statue, 

 which is iilaeed on a iwilestal ni llie miiklle (if tlie hiiilihnf;, anil receives a 

 direct light from the centre of tlie dome — for tliis purpose covered with stout 

 glass; the other three compartments are closed op with lias-reliefs of his 

 jirineipal victories. — A faithful resemblance of the lieroic victor v\oiild thus 

 be handed down unimpaired to posterity, enshrined within those glorious 

 achievements, w hich shed lustre on the annals of our country, and immortalize 

 his name. 



The heifiht of the inonument is 60 feet, that of the statue 1.5 feet. 



The entire work can be executed m the most perfect and elaborate manner 

 for the sum specificil, in the follow iiig materials. — the base of grey granite, 

 the temple of Aiiglesea marble, the statue and bas-reliefs of statuary marble, 

 the lions of red granite, and the trophies of bronze. 



Design No. 134, Thomas II. Letois. — The design consists of an enriched 

 octaugidar obelisk 150 feet high, surmoimted by a figiue of Liritanuia, and 

 having a statue of Nelson 12 feet high, on a jiedestal about 30 feet from the 

 grouud. lias-reliefs of his victories adom the faces of the obelisk, wlrich 

 rises from a doiilile platform occupyiug the cetitre of the given space. 



Design No. 114,7. Taylor, jun. — A triumphal pillar 172 feet high, siir- 

 inonated with a statne of Nelson, 18 feet high, ascended by a spiral staircase 

 inside, having a gallerj' on the top sunk out of the capital of the column, and 

 a short railing almost imperceptible. 



On the front of the pedestal the hero is represented as falling, while defend- 

 ing Britain, who is .seated on the column above ; victory descends and sustains 

 him in death, wliile he grasps to the last moment the standard of h s country, 

 A British vessel is seen in the back-ground, ami on that side the column a 

 weeping willow is introduced, referring to the universal feeling which de- 

 plored the loss of this greatest of all naval commanders. 



The figures in the fore-ground are entire, the back-ground in bold relief. 



Oil the other three sides of the pedestal may be represented the three prin- 

 cipal naval actions in which he nas engaged. 



N. B. It is submitted, that a sculptural group, commemorating Nelson, 

 should represent his dying moments, as he expux'd in action, and in the midst 

 of the greatest of all liis victorious naval engagements. 



W ith a WelUngtoii, and other heroes who have s«r\'ived the conflicts in 

 which they were engaged, an animated statue alone is appropriate ; not equally 

 so with those who fell in action, which event it is considered should stanil 

 recorded as well as their bravery and prowess. 



Design No. 148, G. B. Moore. — In designing the memorial, attention 

 ought to bo (Urected to the period at which it is proposed to erect it. In the 

 excitement of \iclorj', trojihies are allowable ; but after twenty-four years of 

 peace, to revive the exultation of triunipb, would be unworthy the generosity 

 of a great civili/.cd Christian nation. The ancients never restored their tro- 

 phies, when destroyed by time or accident, considering that old enmities 

 ought not to he jierpetuated. The present memorial should be rather a testi- 

 monial of gratitude, to one who tUed to obtain an lionotirahle peace, than a 

 record of national glory ; and all allusions to victories should be introduced 

 as illustrations of the actions of the hero, and not as triumphant emblems. 

 Under this train of feeling, this design has been composed. 



The subjects of the bassi ivlicvi have been selected to illustrate the various 

 virtues of Nelson.— No. I, Duty : Nelson proceechng to his vessel during a 

 storm near the Goodwin Sands.— 2, Intrepidity: Cape St. Vincent ; Nelson 

 hoarding the San Joseph.— 3, Mercy: the Nile: Nelson saving the enemy 

 from drow ning.— 4, Piety : the Nile: Nelson and his sailors returning thanks 

 to the Deity after the battle.—,'). Justice : Nelson in the Senate claiming at- 

 tention to the services of his compatriots.— G, Magnanimity : Copenhagen : 

 Nelson rendering justice to the brave defence of the Danes.— 7, .Solicitude : 

 Nelson, on his arrival in England, visiting his wounded scamen.—8. Heroism : 

 Tr:ifalgar: the death of Nelson. 



Above the bassi rclicvi are medallions of George III., George IV., and 

 William IV., the sovereigns he was 'honoured by; ,ind Victoria I., marking 

 the reign in which the memorial is erected. At the angles are lions and boys 

 denoting conragc combined with gentleness. The statue of Nelson is in front 

 of a pillar, supporting the heraldic banners of Kngland, Scotland, Ireland, and 

 Wales: and terminated by an angel bearing the olive-branch of peace, em- 

 blematicitl of the end for wliich he struggled and fell ; for if any man could 

 say with truth he fought for peace, — it w;is Nelson. 



Design No. 150, TAomas Moulc. — This design, presenting a union of 

 architecture and sculpture, sufficiently announces its destination by its leading 

 forms. The statue of Lord Nelson is re])rescnted on an enriched pedestal ; 

 which, with the basement and its graduated foundation, makes the total 

 height of the monument ()5 feet. Its greatest diameter is 1 10 feet. 



Nelson, the principal object, is intended to bo represented at the moment 

 of perceiving a decided advantage obtained over the enemy. The admiral is 

 attended by a captain, and near him is a boatswain, ready to communicate 

 orders. Withovtt diminishing the importance of the principal figure, this 

 group wotdd show the dift'ercnt grades of the navy, and form a just tribute to 

 their successful co-oiieratioii. 



The figure of Lord Nelson, 15 feet in height, might easily be discerned 

 from the extremities of the large square in which the mouuiuent is required 

 to form the centre object. To place a lofty column in such a situation is ob- 

 jectionable in point of table, as its height would overpower the facade of the 

 building erected as a National Gallen, in front of which the moninuent of 

 Nelson is intended to be placed. That building presenting a lengthened ele- 

 vation of Greek arclutectiu-p, tbis ilesJgu is Mtnle with eoues])(jamugrefesuv6 

 to its piescnljctl site. 



The pedestal bears, on its principal front, a bas-relief of King George III. 

 receiving the Admiral as Viscount Nelson— a title granted to the brave sea- 

 man, in 1801, for his services in the Baltic; together with the appro])riate 

 motto — " Palmam rjui meruit fernt." On the reverse of the jiedestal is in- 

 tended a bas-relief representation of the pulilic funeral decreed to Nelson ; 

 the car bearing his body, approaching St. I'aul's ; and with the inscription of 

 his last words — " England expects every man to do his duty." 



Between these bas-reliefs, on one side, is intended to be placed the arms of 

 Nelson of Bnrnhanithorp, with the crest of his family ; on the other side, the 

 heraldic angmentations, as Lord Viscount Nelson, K.B., Duke of Bronte in 

 Sicily, Knight of Saint Ferdinand, &c. Ac. &c., badges of military honour. 



The basement of the pedestal is square, having upon its angles massive 

 naval trophies of victor)' over the French, the Dutch, the Spaniards, and the 

 Danes. To give breadth and quantity to the design, con'espondent with the 

 very large space for which the monument is required, the basement is ex- 

 tended on its western and eastern sides by an architectural elevation, ter- 

 minated by rostral columns, each of which is surmounted by a classical figure 

 of victory, making a height of 45 feet : the lower part of the shafts of these 

 columns is environed by boarding-pikes used in the navy. The whole base- 

 ment, divided into three compartments, is enriched with sculpture in bas-re- 

 lief, representing the consequences of the battles of the Nile, Copenhagen, ami 

 Trafalgar : dismantled ships of war, prizes from the enemy, are shown on 

 their way to British ports. 



The raonnment is intended to be placed within an enriched enclosure, 

 elliptical on its ground plan, and 140 feet in length, rising to the height of 

 about 9 feet. A part only of this inclosure is shown in the architectural ele- 

 vation, as it was (leemed necessary to exhibit the graduated and broad founda- 

 tion of the basement, w liich coidd not .actually be seen in a general view. 

 The pedestals on the enclosure are surmounted by female figures, bearing 

 alternately palra branches, naval crowns, laurel wreaths, and the funereal 

 forth. The fronts of the pedestals to lie charged with emblems of the sea, 

 and the trophies between them to record separately the successive victories 

 in which the gallant Nelson was engaged. 



Including the ornamental decoration, the author of this design feels con- 

 vinced that, under careful management, the whole may he canied into exe- 

 cution (in Portland stone) \\ith tlie means proposed, viz. 30,000/. 



Design No. 160, Thomas Bellamt/. — It is proposed by this design to form 

 a semi-circular platfonn in the centre of Trafalgar-square, elevated one step 

 above the paving of the road next the National Gallery, and continued of the 

 same level to the line of paving connecting the Strand with Coekspiu'-street, 

 along which line it acquires a height which is ascended to by stejis. This 

 platform is enclosed by a metal railing, except at the steps and opposite the 

 National Gallery, which aie reserved as approaches to the platform and 

 monument. 



Tlie base of the monument is circular, 100 feet in diameter, having six 

 radial blocks sustaining colossal couchant and donnaiit lions, significant of 

 the result to which the achievements of Nelson mainly contributed. The 

 pedestal which rises from this base is also circular, having three radial ma.sses 

 sustaining colossal seated figures, personifications of the Nile, Copenhagen, 

 and Trafalgar, his three great victories, over which are characteristic trophies 

 in bronze. The three intermediate faces of the peileslal are each charged 

 with an allo-ielievo illustration of some striking incident in eacli of the said 

 battles. The three minor pedestals bearing sea-horses are charged with the 

 names of the most important of Nelson's lesser victories. The columnar jior- 

 tion of the pedestal is 12 feet in (.iameter. and has a wide gallery supported 

 by eorbals dix'orated with Tritons, underneath which in relief is the motto, 

 ■■ Palmam qui meruit ferat." The temiinating portion of the pedestal is 

 encircled by an arrangement of tridents and tcstoon.s of laurel, and has a pal- 

 mated tapping. A naval crown receives the statue oi the hero 16 lect high. 

 The whole height of the structure from tlie paving to the top of the statue is 

 153 feet. The material of the substructure is proposed to be of granite ; that 

 of the superstructure free-stone, well selecteil as to durability and colour. 

 The parts jiroposed to be of bronze are distinguished by its colour. 



REPORT ON STEAM VESSEL ACCIDENTS. 



This report is one of the most laborious compilalioiis which has yet 

 been submitted to the ]niblic, and its luitliors have exliibited great 

 research in (he extent and objects of liieir inquiries. Governnient 

 commissions have fro([uently been complained of as uncalled-for jobs ; 

 but the parties to this present affair seem to have exerted themselves 

 to show, that theirs was not a subject with wliich you might go from 

 Dan to Beersheba and find all barren. It appears lo be a kind of 

 encyclojiedia, pointing out not only wliat ought to be done, but also 

 wliat ought not to be dtme, what has not been done, and what never 

 will be dune. We had thought, in fact, and exjiressed ourselves to 

 that effect at page 91 of our present volume, that tliis very in(pilry 

 was totally uncalled for, and although we have read this inarvelliius 

 report with great attention, we cannot but remain of the same opinion 

 still. In the absence of statistical data, we might have expressed 

 ourselves with some diffidence, but with the documents now before us 



we feel jierfectly assuted of tlie justice of tlw opijiivns we tlien enter'" 



