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THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[September, 



spaces, it will be observed, are narrow flat chambers six inches wide, 

 and their sides are held together in every direction by numerous 

 pillar-bolts and screws ; so that the boiler plates, it may be said, are 

 stitched together like a mattrass. 



Figure 5 shows cross sections at the three points marked AB, CD, 

 and EF on the plan, with the grates in some of the furivaces. 



The arrangement and the details of these boilers will be interesting 

 to professional and practical engineers, who will find Captain Bell 

 willing to afford them all the information he can give, and to permit 

 them to inspect the boilers and engines, which are now fitted with 

 machinery designed by Mr. Glynn for starting, stopping, and reversing 

 their motion, so that one man can now manage each engine, and obey 

 the orders of the captain or pilot with all the promptitude and cer- 

 tainty that can be wished ; whereas it required to do this with much 

 labour, confusion, and delay, often causing mischief to the shipping in 

 a crowded river. 



There are various other alterations of less importance, all contribu- 

 ting in some degree to the economy of labom- and fuel, and the general 

 security of the machinery. 



The Victoria took her station in the begimiing of July, and is 

 now running between London and Hull. 



THE CHURCHES OF LONDON. 



The Churches of London, by George Godwin, Architect, F.R.S.. 

 and F.S.A., assistt'd by John Britton, Esq., F.ri.A. London, C. Tilt, 

 lb39. 



The churches of London afford a subject, upon which hitherto no 

 perfect work has appeared, although as an important feature of the 

 giant metropolis they are deserving of the highest attention. Wlio 

 can stand on one of the city bridges and look behind him, and not 

 think of the many tales which the clustering spires call to his me- 

 mory ? The crowd of masts below the bridge do not bear the flags of 

 more nations than the mute towers of the city record traditions of 

 former ages. The dome of rit. Paul's reigning in majesty over the 

 subject turrets, calls back to our imaginations the Roman temple, the 

 Italian's missionary, the aspiring tower of the structure of the middle 

 ages, the conquest of nations, tlie destruction of cities, the fleeting 

 joys and sorrows of many days. The Celt, Roman, Saxon, Catholic 

 and Protestant have worshipped there, revolutions of mind, of man, 

 and of matter stand before ua in all the dread terror of human muta- 

 bility and weakness. This is a scene unequalled in Europe, the 

 breadth of the river, the circling amphitheatre, the forest of masts, 

 the hum of steam boats, mock the Tiber and the Seine, richer in archi- 

 tectural pomp or palatial grandeur. 



It is a sickly unnatural sentimentality which can induce us to view 

 emotions of enthusiasm similar scenes abroad, and remain dull to all 

 their influence here ; it is the true nature of ignorance to neglect what 

 is around us, and to be struck with wonder by the productions of dis- 

 tant climes. It is this which causes us to be dead to beauty and to 

 foster vice, to treat genius with neglect, and to shower our honours on 

 impudence, presumption and conceit, which purchases Vasari, and 

 leaves England without a single work, in fine wdiich elevates the glory 

 of other countries and obscures our own. The architect reserves his 

 admiration for (ireece and Rome, and feels astounded that the public 

 do the same ; justly punished as he is, that his own works should be 

 neglected from the spurious feeling which he himself has fostered and 

 produced. If, however, he wish the public taste to be pure, if he wish 

 native art to be protected, and England to hold a high rank both 

 abroad and at home, he must show his fellow countrymen by his own 

 example, that they have works worthy of attention, and edifices of 

 which any nation might be proud. He must uphold the reputation of 

 London, as foreigners do that of Paris or of Rome, and make every 

 one feel interested in encouraging, and protecting th^it of which all 

 participate in the glory. In the same manner as no one will allow an 

 injury to a public museum in which he considers himself as having a 

 property, so all will be ready to promote that in which they are con- 

 sidered as having an interest at stake. At Paris it is the public voice 

 which has conqjleted the Madeleine and the Pantheon, which has 

 raised the Arc de I'Etoile from its ruins, and placed a monument at 

 the Place de la Bastille. It was this which saved the Column from 

 destruction, and replaced the statue of its founder, which has given 

 Paris all its beauty, and daily urges such improvement. It would 

 avail a minister less to strike ofl'a tax from his budget, than to pro- 

 duce some new monument which might be an incentive to national 

 pride, and gratify the popular demand for art. In England on the 

 contrary, if St. Paul's were destroyed to-morrow, it is doubtful if the 

 public would demand its restoration; it is certain that St. Saviour's 

 has been mutilated, that competition for public edifices is a nullity, 



that the Parliament Honse and the Exchange iiave scarce vet a site 

 on which to be built, that the British Museum is incompleted, and 

 Trafalgar Square defaced. Here it is that churches are deformed 

 with spikes, heroic statues adorned with pigtails, columns raised with- 

 out an ornament, or to bear an incongruous one, national galleries built 

 which are neither national nor a gallery, domes made which cannot be 

 seen, and the monstrosities which elsewhere disfigure five hundred 

 years here crowded into ten. 



The way to remedy this is to cultivate the public taste, to give 

 them an interest in the creation and maintenance of great works, to 

 give architecture that strong hold on the public mind, which it can 

 derive from history alone. A rough hewn stone is one of the best 

 known monuments of London, it lives in the pages of the historian and 

 in the traditions of the people, and is invested with a protection which 

 ensures it from destruction and confers on it respect. Who passes 

 London stone, and does not seem to hear Shakspeare whispering in 

 his ear, "Now is Mortimer, lord of this city?" To take only the 

 city and briefly enumerate the leading incidents which attach to its 

 churches would take up more space than even respect for such a sub- 

 ject would allow us to attbrd, but we cannot refrain from reminding 

 our readers of something of the interest which must be excited by the 

 study of this subject. There is St. Paul's on the ruins of a Roman 

 temple, in the great nave of which once was the resort of all the fashion 

 of the city; there was the trader's mart and the fop's promenade, the 

 tall steeple of which was used as a warehouse, and where an oven 

 was bui!t in a buttress; which is the noblest monument of our archi- 

 tecture, and one of the greatest stains on our national character, 

 where the nation erects a pantheon to heroes — to give the church a 

 two-penny show. To what does the fame of heroes fall when it is 

 only commemorated to maintain a public imposition and a verger's 

 fee. .St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield, again, with its Saxon or Norman 

 arches, looks down on the jousting field of lords, and the offering place 

 of ma tyrs, vmregarded in its obscurity as one of the few mouldering 

 relics of our ancient styles. Its neighbour, St. Sepulchre's, has also its 

 tale of interest. St. Peter's, in the Tower, hides the murdered corse 

 of many a royal and noble victim. Queen Anne Boleyn and Catherine 

 Howard, Thomas More and Thomas Cromwell. The Temple, with 

 its round church, the monuments of the crusaders, and the tomb of 

 Heraclius. All Hallow's, Barking, wliich has tales of the dreams of 

 kings and the worship of angels, which had a special commission of 

 defacement issued against it, and which records the names of the 

 Earl of Surrey and Archbishop Laud. St. Andrew's, Undershaft, 

 where apprentices led their may-day brawl, and poor John Star came 

 with his licence to beg ; where is the earliest instance of pews and 

 book-cages, some of the latest relics of the age, which the innovation 

 has supplanted. St. Bartholomew's, by the Exchange, (soon to give 

 up its ancient tower,) heard the words of Miles Coverdale, the great 

 translator of the bible. Allhallow's, Bread-street, in the parish wheie 

 Milton was born. St. Olave's, Hart-street, near the palace of VVhit- 

 tington. St. Dunstan's, in tlie East, with its buttress spire, and St. 

 Michael's, another gothic work of Wren's. St. Mary's, Alderman- 

 bury, held the cursed bones of Jeffereys. St. Alban's, where the 

 preacher told the progress of his sermon by the shifting hour-glass. 

 St. Michael's, Wood-street, the tomb of the Scotch King, James IV. 

 St. Giles', Cripplegate, near the birth-place of De Foe, with its walls 

 covered with tombs and names, Milton and his father. Fox, the Mar- 

 tyrologist, Speed, and many more. St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf, where 

 Inigo Jones reposed after all his glory. St. Catherine's, Cree Church, 

 the tomb of Holbein, and the scene of Land's consecration service, 

 where he prepared the scaffold for himself and his prince, and de- 

 solation for his country. Christ Church, Newgate-street, holds the 

 ashes of four queens. St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, a vestige of the 

 middle ages, wliere the nun's grating is yet to be seen, and where 

 Gresham and many other noble citizens repose. St. Andrew's, Hol- 

 born, where Sacheveral preached the kingdom into a flame, and where 

 poor Chatterton lies undistinguished from the general mass. St. 

 Mary's Le Bow, with its beautiful spire, and with the warlike tjles of 

 its old one, where the Norman crypt stands upon a dried up fen. St. 

 Olave's, Jewry, the tomb of the distinguished Boydell, the promoter 

 of the arts. St. Swithin's, sheltering in its walls the Londcm-stone. 

 The old church of Ethelbnrga. The pleasing spire of St. Bride's, 

 and the tomb of Samuel Richardson. St. Mary's, Aldermary, w'ith its 

 gothic tower, and the tomb of the famous surgeon Pott. St. Stephen's, 

 Walbrook, one of Wren's greatest glories. 



These are but trifling among the points of interest which may be 

 elicited, and they will merit extensive illustration. We are happy, 

 therefore, to recognize the service which has been rendered to this 

 cause by the publication of Mr. Godwin's work in a popular form, and 

 we trust that he will be able to carry out his design of extending it 

 n the other sections of the metropolis. We have too often praised 



