64 



represents more accurately the true nutritive values of feeding 

 stuffs. 



Explanation. The entire amount of heat or energy contained 

 in a feeding stuff is termed its total heat or energy value. All of 

 this heat or energy cannot be utilized by the animal for the pur- 

 poses of maintaining its body in a state of temperature equilib- 

 rium, or for aiding in the production of growth and milk. The 

 several losses may be enumerated as follows: {a) the undigested 

 material, i. ^., the faeces; (^) the incompletely used material (urea, 

 etc.) of the urine; (c) the work required in the processes of diges- 

 tion and assimilation in preparing the nutrients so that they can 

 be used for maintenance and for the production and growth of 

 milk. These several sources of loss expressed as energy, deducted 

 from the total energy, leave the real or net energy value. 



Here follows a table showing the relative net energy values 

 (relative values) of a few of the more important feeding stuffs. 

 Instead of expressing the relative energy values in therms of energy, 

 they are stated on the basis of 100 for the sake of direct compari- 

 son. The figures were secured by the use of the so-called Kellner 

 method'. They are not perfect, but represent the results of the 

 best method that we have available at this time. Corn meal is 

 taken as 100 and the other feeds, both concentrated and coarse, 

 are compared with it. 



of Feeding Stuffs. 



Hay, Kentucky blue grass 



Hay, orchard grass, . 



Hay, red top, . 



Hay, rowen, 



Hay, swamp or swale, 



Hay, tall oat grass, . 



Hay, timothy, 



Hominy meal, 



Linseed meal (old process), 



Malt sprouts, 



Oats, ground, 



Rye feed, 



Wheat bran. 



Wheat kernels, red, . 



Wheat kernels, white. 



Wheat middlings (flour), 



Wheat middlings (standard) 



41 

 38 

 43 

 48 

 23 

 36 

 36 

 105 

 94 

 66 

 83 

 91 

 57 

 92 

 94 

 98 

 67 



It should be borne in mind that the above figures express 

 only net energy and not protein value. If protein is needed to 

 balance the ration, it can be purchased most economically in the 



' For a full explanation of the components of the animal body, the composition of feeds, 

 the different ways in which the food is used in the animal body, and the explanation for using 

 the therm in the calculation of rations for farm animals, see Farmers' Bulletin 346, United 

 States Department of Agriculture, prepared by H. P. Armsby. 



_ * Our own experiments, comparing beet pulp w'th corn meal, as components of a dairy 

 ration, have shown their feeding values to be more nearly equal. 



" Alfalfa probably preferable, especially as source of protein. 



