450 THIRD CLASS OF MINERAL CONSTITUENTS, 



carried off with the solid excrements. Both observers also found 

 the poison in the urine in no inconsiderable quantity. Of the 

 solid parts of the animal body, the excreting organs, namely the 

 liver and kidneys, are those in which most arsenic is found ; it has 

 however also been detected in the heart, lungs, brain, and muscles. 

 Some of these results are confirmed by the experiments of Duflos 

 and Hirsch*. 



Schnedermann and Knopf could detect no arsenic in the bones 

 of a pig which had lived for three quarters of a year in the neigh- 

 bourhood of the silver works at Andreasberg, where cattle and 

 poultry do not thrive in consequence of the constant evolution of 

 arsenical vapours. 



COPPER AND LEAD. 



Both these metals have been found in very minute quantity in 

 the healthy body by Devergie,{ Lefortier, Orfila,|| Dechamps,^[ 

 and Millon,** and were regarded by these chemists as integral con- 

 stituents of all the soft parts, as well as of the blood ; but it is only 

 recently that any very decisive experiments on this subject have 

 been instituted, and they, at all events, prove beyond a doubt that 

 copper exists in the blood of some of the lower animals and in the 

 bile of the ox and of man. 



Millon believed 'that he had found them in the bloody but Mel- 

 sensft has brought forward reasons, and even direct experiments 

 against this view. Since, however, the presence of copper in the 

 bile of man and the ox has been determined with certainty, the 

 blood must give traces of this metal, even though they be almost 

 inappreciable. Moreover, E. HarlessJJ has found copper in the 

 blood, and more particularly in the liver, of some of the lower 

 animals, namely, the cephalopoda, ascidice, and mollusca. This 

 observer found copper in the liver of Helix pomatia ; von Bibra 

 found it in the liver of cancer payyurus, acanthias, zeus, &c., and 

 observed that it stood in an inverse ratio to the iron. Copper 



* Das Arsenik, seine Erkennung u. s. w. 1842. 

 t Journ. f. prak. Ch. Bd. 36, S, 471. 

 J Ann. d'Hygiene publ. Jnill. 1840, p. 180. 

 Ibid. p. 97. 



II Me'moires de 1'Acad. de Me'd. T. 8, p. 522. 

 fl Compt. rend. T. 27, p. 389. 



** Journ. de Pharm. 3 SeY T. 13, pp. 86-88, [also Compt. rend. T. 26, p. 41, 

 and Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. 3 SeV. p. 372. G. E. D.] 



tt Ann. de China, et de Phys. 3 SeV. T. 23, pp. 358-372. 

 tt Muller's Arch. 1847, S. 148-157. 



