SALIVARY GLANDS IN THE OX. 87 



of food, and serve, at the same time, to increase the organ of 

 taste. The tongue in the ox is long, and can issue a great 

 way out of the mouth. It can also twist'upon itself. It is thus 

 fitted to seize the tuft of grass and bring it between the 

 jaws, in which act the papillae just mentioned lend important 

 aid. 



The hyoid bone has the same general character as in the 

 higher mammals, being shaped like the upsilon (v) of the 

 Greeks. It was before mentioned that veterinary writers liken 

 it to a spur (p. 20). This form in the horse results from 

 the union of the body and posterior cornua into an arch, from 

 which a long process descends. In the ox, the posterior 

 cornua unite with the body into an arch which, instead of a 

 long process, has a tuberosity in the middle of its inferior part. 

 The anterior cornua have each two pieces of unequal length, 

 the short one being articulated with the styloid process of the 

 temporal bone. The hyoid bone is especially concerned in 

 the act of deglutition. It is connected by muscles with the 

 tongue, the lower jaw, the temporal bone, and the anterior 

 part of the breast-bone. It is a centre of motion, so that 

 when it is drawn upwards and forwards, or in the opposite 

 direction, the adjacent parts are moved. In particular the 

 larynx is drawn towards the jaw, and in the opposite direction, 

 along with the hyoid bone. 



Salivary Glands. The salivary glands, as in the horse, 

 are very large in the ox. These glands have the same names 

 as in the horse namely, the parotid, the submaxillary, and 

 the sublingual. The parotid is situated in the space between 

 the angle of the lower jaw, the zygomatic arch, and the 

 mastoid process ; the submaxillary is placed on the inside of 

 the lower jaw near its angle ; and the sublingual is beneath 

 the tongue. The duct of the parotid gland is termed Steno's 

 duct. In man it pierces the buccinator muscle to reach 



