TEETH IN THE DOG. 169 



front, almost flat on the inner side, and having a sharp edge 

 behind. 



The molar teeth in the dog are on the strict model of the 

 teeth in carnivorous mammals, that is to say, there are false 

 molars next to the canine teeth, which, from their form, have 

 been named conical ; next conies the proper carnivorous tooth, a 

 cutting tooth with several external lateral points ; and, lastly, a 

 tooth with a triturating surface. With respect to the number 

 of such teeth in the dog, the false molars or conical teeth are 

 three in the upper jaw and four in the lower jaw; the carnivor- 

 ous is single on each side of each jaw ; and the tuberculated or 

 triturating teeth are two on each side of each jaw, the farthest 

 back of all. Hence, when the dog eats grass, he throws it 

 quite to the back part of the mouth, that it may be triturated 

 by these tuberculated teeth. For a better idea of the dog's 

 teeth, see fig. 16. The milk teeth in the dog are twenty-eight; 

 namely, six incisors in each jaw, as in the full-grown dog, 

 four canine teeth or tusks in all, and twelve false molars 

 that is, three on each side of each jaw. The whole of the milk 

 teeth are cut in no long time after birth. They begin to fall 

 at three or four months after birth, and before the age of eight 

 months the permanent teeth are complete. The structure of 

 the teeth in the dog corresponds with their structure in carni- 

 vorous animals in general, and approaches more nearly to the 

 character of the teeth in man than to that belonging to the 

 horse and ox. In such teeth the cement or petrous crust does 

 not appear so conspicuously as in herbivorous mammals. As in 

 man, the teeth of the dog seem, on a superficial inspection, to 

 be composed only of dentine and enamel ; but it is found that 

 the crowns originally, and the fangs always, are covered by a 

 thin coat of cement. 



Mouth. The roof of the mouth in the dog is composed, 

 as in the horse and ox, of the intermaxillary bone, the palate 



