URINE OF CALVES. 2G7 



to the urine of the horse and to that of other herbivorous 

 animals. 



On examining the urine of cattle soon after its discharge, it 

 is found to be clear, of a bitter taste, a pale-yellow colour, and 

 with a strong alkaline reaction. It contains much sulphate 

 and bicarbonate of potash and magnesia, but very little lime. 

 According to Boussingault, it contains no phosphates, very 

 little chloride of sodium ; but, on the other hand, a large 

 amount of lactate of potash. According to Von Bibra, the 

 quantities of urea and hippurate of potash are liable to great 

 variations, even when the feeding and external conditions 

 remain unchanged. Lehmann says, "I have always found 

 oxalate of lime in the sediment ; but, like Boussingault, I have 

 never been able to detect ammoniacal salts in the fresh urine 

 of oxen."* The urine of the ox contains from 8 to 9 per 

 cent of solid constituents, of which from 1.8 to 1.9 per cent 

 are urea. The hippuric acid varies, according to Von Bibra, 

 from 0.55 to 1.20 per cent. Boussingault found free carbonic 

 acid in it besides the alkaline carbonates. 



The following table of two analyses of the urine of the ox 

 is from Von Bibra : 



Water, '. . . 914.01 



Extractive matters soluble in water, 22.48 



Insoluble matters, . . 14.21 



Salts soluble in water, . 24.42 



Insoluble salts; . . 1.50 



Urea, .... 19.76 



Hippuric acid, . . 3.55 



Mucus, . . . 0.07 



1000.00 1000.00 



The urine of calves differs very much from that of cattle, 

 approximating in its composition to the allantoic fluid of the 



* Lehmann: 'Physiological Chemistry,' translated by Day, vol. ii. p. 

 456. 



