TIME REQUIRED FOR THE COOLING OF WATER. 505 



proportion of water, in which is diffused a much smaller pro- 

 portion of solid materials. Water, however, has a far higher 

 capacity for heat (still, so to speak) than the solid materials 

 diffused through the water in the animal frame. If, then, a 

 body of water is taken to represent the animal body in the 

 process of cooling under exposure to the varying temperature 

 of the atmosphere, it is manifest that the result will not be less 

 in respect to the rapidity of cooling than when a body of flesh 

 and blood is concerned, and therefore that if, ceteris paribus, 

 a given quantity of carbon under combustion in oxygen be found 

 to keep up the temperature of a mass equal in bulk, for example, 

 to a human body at 100 Fahrenheit, that quantity of carbon 

 in combustion will be sufficient to keep up the temperature of 

 such a human body ; it being certain, the outward protection 

 being the same, that a human body will cool faster than its 

 own bulk of water in proportion to the amount of substances 

 it contains having a less capacity for heat than water. The 

 two cases are only approximative, yet nevertheless the result of 

 the comparison must limit the question at issue within narrow 

 bounds. 



Human bodies, or even the bodies of mammals in general, 

 have very much the same density as water that is to say, the 

 weight of one is pretty much the same as that of an equal bulk 

 of water. The average bulk of an adult male of 150 Ib. weight 

 is somewhat short of 2^ cubic feet. As in one cubic foot of 

 water there are 1000 oz., the weight of water corresponding to 

 a human body is about 2500 oz. It has to be determined, then, 

 in what space of time a mass of water 2 J cubic feet in bulk, at 

 a temperature of 100 Fahrenheit, will lose a few degrees of its 

 temperature throughout its mass, when the day is of an ordinary 

 warmth ; or, to save figures, let us assume that 1 4,200 oz. of 

 water, at 100 Fahrenheit, lose 1 per hour, this loss requires 

 one oz. of carbon in combustion for its repair, and this repair 



