GLOSSARY. ANASTOMOSIS ATROPHY. 585 



ANASTOMOSIS. The same as inosculation, the communication be- 

 tween two blood-vessels. 



ANIMAL FUNCTIONS. The functions by which chiefly animals are dis- 

 tinguished from vegetables viz., the functions of locomotion and 

 sense, called also functions of relation. 



ANUS. The fundament. 



AORTA. The trunk of the arterial system, springing from the left 

 ventricle of the heart. 



APONEUROSIS. A thin tendinous expansion, taking the form of a 

 membrane. 



APPENDIX YERMIFORMIS. A process like a goose-quill hanging from 

 the caecum in man. 



ARCHETYPE. Original plan or model. 



AREOLAR TISSUE. The same as cellular tissue and cellular substance ; 

 the general connective tissue throughout the living frame. 



ARTERY. The aorta or any of its branches. Pulmonary artery 

 the vascular trunk which arises from the right ventricle of the heart 

 to convey the dark-coloured blood to the lungs. 



ARTICULATION. The union of bones together to form joints more or 

 less movable. 



ASPHYXIA. Insensibility of an animal, beginning with interruption 

 of the respiration. Death by asphyxia death commencing with 

 interruption of respiration. 



ASSIMILATION. The conversion of nutriment by a texture into its 

 own substance. 



ATROPHY. General waste of organic parts or of organic force. 



. There is a kind of atrophy in oxen and sheep which much con- 

 cerns the agriculturist namely, that loss in live weight which 

 takes place, not merely when such stock is driven on foot long 

 distances, as from Scotland far into England, but also when con- 

 veyed by railway for any considerable length of way. It is esti- 

 mated that cattle and sheep lose so much live weight on a long 

 journey on foot, that they may require two months of careful feed- 

 ing to restore them to the condition in which they were when they 

 set out. This loss occurs even in young cattle, such as one might 

 think were supple enough for a long journey. Moreover, it is 

 observed even when the cattle and sheep are carefully fed and 

 rested by the way. It seems an enigma to the farmer, but doubt- 

 less finds its explanation in the great amount of muscular exertion 

 called forth in even a short daily journey, as compared with what 

 is put forth every day when the animal feeds in the pastures 

 of the farm. The loss which cattle and sheep sustain in railway 

 journeys is perhaps mainly attributable to causes that might be 

 remedied, such as the want of food and drink, and the violent jost- 

 ling against each other which they are apt to suffer. Every railway 

 truck conveying cattle and sheep ought to be provided with buffers. 



