588 GLOSSAEY. BROMINE CAECUM. 



of their respective kinds. Their effect upon the progeny is imme- 

 diate and striking, as giving thereto a blood-like character. 



But in-and-in breeding may produce valuable results in parti- 

 cular circumstances. When it is desired to improve a coarse na- 

 tive breed of cattle or sheep, and after a certain degree of improve- 

 ment has been attained by selection of individual animals, all pro- 

 gress towards perfection would be arrested were in-and-in breeding 

 not resorted to, since no superior animals are to be found elsewhere. 

 Examples of this practice may be adduced. Bakewell found a 

 coarse breed of sheep in Leicestershire, which he imagined had 

 such points that, if permanently developed, would form a valuable 

 breed of sheep, both as regards mutton and wool. He was obliged 

 to breed in-and-in for a considerable time, and by so doing pro- 

 duced the favourite high-bred Leicesters of the present day. After 

 the dissemination of a portion of his flock throughout the country, 

 a crossing could then be maintained, which kept up the breed to 

 the mark, and at the same time avoided the evils of in-and-in. 

 Upon the same principle Bakewell improved the long-horn cattle. 

 So did the Culleys produce the fine race of short-horns from the 

 coarse Teeswater cattle. The polled Angus cattle were improved 

 much in the same way by Hugh Watson. 



BROMINE. A simple non-metallic body analogous to chlorine and 

 iodine, found in sea-water. When free it has a powerful smell, 

 and exists at common temperatures in the liquid state. Its com- 

 binations with metallic bodies are termed bromides. 

 BRONCHI. The air-tubes or subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe, 



extending to the air-cells of the lungs. 



BRONCHIAL ARTERIES AND VEINS. Blood-vessels in the lungs distinct 

 from the pulmonary blood-vessels of the lungs. The bronchial 

 vessels belong to the general circulation, and are concerned in the 

 nutrition of the lungs ; the pulmonary vessels constitute a separate 

 circulation for the aeration of the whole blood in its passage 

 through the lungs. 



BRUNNER'S GLANDS. Glands confined to the duodenum, and found 

 most abundantly at its commencement, visible to the naked eye, 

 provided with permanent ducts, and supposed to possess a func- 

 tion like that of the pancreas, which they seem to resemble in 

 structure. 



BURS.E Mucos^, more properly termed synovia! bursae. Minute shut 

 cavities situated near the surface of the body, or beneath tendons 

 that glide over bones, containing a lubricating fluid resembling 

 the synovia of the joints. 



CAECUM. The blind gut : a spur of greater or less dimensions, formed 

 by the insertion of the end of the small intestine into the side of the 

 great near its commencement. It is called also caput caecum coli. 



