GLOSSARY. FALLOPIAN TUBES- GENITAL ORGANS. 595 



FALLOPIAN TUBES. The oviducts, by one of which the ovum passes 

 from the ovary to the uterus. 



FAVUS. See Parasite. 



FLEA. See Parasite. 



FLESH-FORMERS. See Albuminoid. 



FCETUS. Embryo. 



FIBRINE. A proximate principle of the organic kingdoms of the al- 

 buminoid group ; also a proteine compound, a flesh-former in nu- 

 trition. See p. 306. 



FLUORINE, FLUORIDE OF CALCIUM. A substance believed to be 

 simple, and to be analogous to chlorine, iodine, and bromine. 

 Fluor-spar, commonly called Derbyshire spar, is supposed to con- 

 sist of fluorine and calcium, being named fluoride of calcium. Fluo- 

 ride of calcium, in minute proportion, exists in the bones and 

 teeth of mammals. 



FUNGUS. See Parasite. 



GAD-FLY. See Parasite. 



GANGLION. The ganglia are enlargements in the course of nerves, 

 containing grey nervous substance, supposed to be subordinate 

 nervous centres. The glands of the lymphatic and lacteal systems 

 are sometimes called ganglia. 



GASTRO-PULMONARY. Applied to the mucous membrane that lines 

 the air-passages and the alimentary passages. 



GELATINE. A proximate animal principle, azotised, yet not certainly 

 known to be nutritive : it possibly does not exist in the living 

 body ; hence what represents it in the living body is sometimes 

 called the gelatigenous proximate principle, or that which by boil- 

 ing affords gelatine. See Chondrine ; also, p. 309. 



GENITAL ORGANS, CASTRATION, SPAYING. Castration is the re- 

 moval of the testicles that is, of the essential organs of sex in the 

 male ; spaying is the removal of the corresponding organs, or the 

 essential organs of sex, in the female, named the ovaries. The 

 effect of these operations on the animals subjected to them in re- 

 spect to nutrition, and indeed to the whole character of the indi- 

 vidual, is very remarkable. The effect of each operation, espe- 

 cially when performed in early life, is, in general terms, to bring 

 the individual of each sex subjected to it nearer to the natural 

 character of an individual of the opposite sex. 



The gelding lays aside the crested neck and unruly disposition 

 of the entire horse, and gains an approach to the form and quiet 

 demeanour of the mare. 



But the improvement of the flesh in the animals fed for the 

 table is the most important result of this operation, especially on 

 the male sex. It is in delicacy and flavour that the improvement 

 takes place. Such a change is very striking in the case of the com- 



