596 GLOSSARY. GENITO-UEINARY GLOTTIS. 



mou domestic cock, which, when cooked, is very indifferent fare 

 compared with the luxury of a capon. 



A cause of sterility in the male sometimes escapes attention till 

 much time has been lost and cost incurred. It occurs in the stal- 

 lion, the bull, and the ram ; and what is surprising, it has been at 

 last discovered in some of the most strikingly-formed and best-de- 

 veloped animals, such as judges have pronounced of the most per- 

 fect character. It is produced when the testes do not hang freely 

 down within the scrotum, but remain pressed close to the surface 

 of the posterior part of the belly. In short, the testes have not 

 freely escaped from the inguinal canal, and therefore, becoming de- 

 veloped in its lower part, have their function impeded by the pres- 

 sure to which their vessels are subjected. 



The proof of sufficient freedom in the position of the testes is 

 that the hand can grasp the scrotum between the testes and the 

 belly. A very fine four-year-old black stallion obtained the high- 

 est prize in Berwickshire, yet on being put to eighty mares, not one 

 of them proved with foal the testes being too high hung was plainly 

 the cause of his sterility. A pure white short-horned bull carried 

 off the first prize at the Border Union Show at Keiso, yet he never 

 begat a calf ; here also the sterility was shown to arise from the 

 testes being too high hung. A Leicester ram well known to one of 

 us, and of the most promising character, never begat a lamb, and 

 the sterility was at last proved to be in the testes being too high 

 hung. 



GENITOURINARY Applied to the mucous membrane that lines the 

 urinary and the genital cavities. 



GIZZARD. The strong muscular stomach of granivorous birds. 



GLAND. A name somewhat vaguely applied to organs that secrete or 

 otherwise prepare matters within the animal body ; it is applied 

 to the liver, to the kidney, to the sweetbread, and to minute 

 bodies composed of cells and nuclei on the surface and in the sub- 

 stance of membranes. The same name is given to the aggregations 

 of ducts and blood-vessels seen in the lymphatic system. 



GLOBULINE. A substance allied to albumen, found in the crystalline 

 lens and in the blood-globules : it is sometimes called crystalline 

 from the former source ; and in the latter source, being combined 

 with haematirie or colouring matter, it is spoken of as hsemato-glo- 

 buline. 



GLOMERULES OF THE KIDNEY. The same as the Malpighean cor- 

 puscles. 



GLOTTIS. A word somewhat vaguely used to signify the upper 

 narrow part of the larynx, which the epiglottis has the power of 

 closing. In man, the glottis is on a level with the lower part of the 

 arytenoid cartilages : it is bounded laterally by the vocal cords, 

 two on each side ] between the two lower vocal cords, or true 



