THE PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART 153 



ceive that the negative pressure would serve to suck blood into the heart, 

 just as it sucks water in an ordinary ball syringe. Closer consideration 

 will, however, show that this conclusion is untenable, partly because the 

 negative pressure exists in the ventricle for so short a period of time, and 

 partly because it would have to operate on the slowly moving column of 

 blood in the thin-walled veins, with the result that it would cause the walls 

 of these vessels to come together rather than produce a movement of the 

 blood contained in them. The negative pressure of the heart can not 

 therefore be of much consequence in attracting the venous blood into the 

 ventricle. 



Several factors may cooperate to produce this negative pressure, 

 among them being the sudden opening out of the base of the ventricles 

 at the beginning of diastole, the elastic recoil of the tissue which becomes 

 compressed in the heart walls during systole, the turgescence of the walls 

 of the ventricles produced by the sudden inrush of blood into the coro- 

 nary vessels at the beginning of diastole, all of which factors tend to 1 

 cause an opening out of the walls of the ventricles with a consequent 

 increase in the capacity of their cavities. 



The Auricular Curve 



Examination of the intraauricular pressure curve is of particular in- 

 terest because of the relationship which it has to a tracing taken of the 

 movements in the jugular vein at the root of the neck (see page 274). 

 This jugular pulse curve, as it is called, is produced mainly by the 

 changes of pressure occurring in the auricle, from which it differs only in 

 the relative height of the various waves. By graduating the. intra- 

 auricular pressure curve by the method described above, we can tell 

 exactly the magnitude in the changes of pressure occurring during each 

 cardiac cycle. This obviously can not be done with a tracing taken from 

 the jugular vein, although qualitatively the tracings reflect exactly the 

 changes that are occurring in the auricle. 



On examining the auricular pressure curve (consult Figs. 34 and 97), we 

 find that after the wave of presystole, which of course coincides exactly 

 with that on the intraventricular curve, a second wave occurs culminating 

 in a peak almost exactly at the beginning of the sphygmic period. The 

 curve then rapidly descends, usually indeed below the line of zero pres- 

 sure, and slowly rises throughout the rest of ventricular systole, until 

 the moment of opening of the auriculoventricular valve, when it descends 

 again and thereafter runs parallel with the ventricular curve. The let- 

 ters used to designate the waves are the same as those employed for 

 similar waves shown on the jugular pulse tracing, and although the 



