INSALIVATION. 163 



in length, and passes from the gland, beneath the tongue, to 

 open by a small papilla by the side of the frenum. This 

 gland is relatively very small in the herbivora, but is largely 

 developed in the carnivora ; in the latter being larger than 

 the parotid. 



The pure submaxillary saliva presents many important 

 points of difference from the secretion of the parotid. It 

 was first studied as a distinct fluid by Bernard. It may be 

 obtained by exposing the duct and introducing a fine silver 

 tube, when on the introduction of any sapid substance into 

 the mouth, the secretion will flow in large pearly drops. Ber- 

 nard found this variety of saliva much more viscid than the 

 secretion from the parotid. It is perfectly clear, and, on 

 cooling, frequently becomes of a gelatinous consistence. 1 Its 

 organic matter is not coagulated by heat. In the dog it is 

 rather more strongly alkaline than the parotid saliva. Ac- 

 cording to Bernard, it does not contain the sulpho-cyanide 

 of potassium. 2 



1 BERNARD, Lemons de Physiologie Experimental, Paris, 1856, p. 72. The 

 late experiments of Bernard concerning the influence of the nervous system on 

 secretion were made chiefly on the submaxillary gland. These points will be fully 

 considered under the head of Secretion. 



2 BIDDER AND SCHMIDT give the following as the result of two analyses of the 

 submaxillary saliva: 



ffirst Analysis. 



Water 996-04 



Organic matter 1-51 



Inorganic matter 2-45 



1,000-00 

 Second Analysis. 



Water 991-45 



Organic matter 2-89 



f Chloride of calcium i 



Chloride of sodium j 4 ' 50 



Inorganic matter -I Carbonate of lime \ 



Phosphate of lime ( 1-16 



[ Phosphate of magnesia ) 



1,000-00 

 Die Verdauungssaftt, Leipzig, 1852, S. 8. 



