214 DIGESTION. 



lined with columnar epithelium, occupying from one-third to 

 one-half of the thickness of the mucous membrane. Below, 

 it branches abruptly into from four to seven smaller second- 

 ary tubes, which are lined with glandular epithelium simi- 

 lar to that found in the simple glands. Generally the large- 

 sized cells of glandular epithelium produce varicosities in the 

 tubes which give them a peculiar and characteristic appear- 

 ance an appearance which is sometimes observed also in 

 the simple tubes. In both of these varieties of tubes, we 

 sometimes find granular matter and some fatty particles ; 

 though these are not always natural, as the delicate stomach- 

 cells are frequently destroyed by the fluid in which the prep- 

 aration is made, and break down into granular matter. 



. Mucous Follicles. "Near the pyloric extremity of the 

 stomach, where the mucous membrane is decidedly paler 

 than over the rest of the organ, the character of the tubular 

 glands undergoes a decided change. In the first place, the 

 orifices by which they open into the stomach are very much 

 larger, being about twice the size of the openings of the true 

 stomach-tubes. As the mucous membrane is here thicker 

 than in other situations, the follicles are correspondingly 

 longer. As a rule, they are compound ; but they do not com- 

 mence to divide until they have passed through about five- 

 sixths of the thickness of the membrane, when they break 

 up into from three to six small secondary tubes. The im- 

 portant peculiarity about these tubes is that many of them 

 are lined throughout with columnar epithelium, and are 

 everywhere deprived of the peculiar cells found in the true 

 stomach-tubes. 



In some recent investigations by Prof. J. C. Dalton into 

 the anatomy of different parts of the stomach of the pig, most 

 of which we were enabled by the kindness of Prof. Dalton 

 to verify with him, the following results were arrived at: 



" In the stomach of the pig the mucous membrane in the 

 neighborhood of the pylorus is moderately thick and of a 



